PHRASALS (UNITS 13, 14, 15)

Question 1

1) to reject or refuse to consider an offer, a proposal, etc. or the person who makes it

2) to reduce the noise, heat, etc. produced by a piece of equipment by moving its controls

Answer 1

Turn down (Pág 192)

Coll:
1) turn down a proposal/offer/ a job/ an invitation / a person
2) Turn down the volume

1) He’ll turn down the job, even if you offer him a really attractive salary.

Question 2

look/be like a relative parecerse a un familiar

Answer 2

Take after

Your daughter doesn’t take after you at all.

Question 2

Remove

Answer 2

Take away

These magazines must be read in the library. You can’t take them away.

Question 3

1) deceive
2) allow sb to stay in one’s home, for example, a foreign student. (see difference with “Put sb up”). This is for a long/indefinite period of time.
3) understand
4) make clothes smaller

Answer 3

TAKE IN

1) Nobody was taken in by his story, although it seemed convincing at first.
2) When they discovered that the child was an orphan, they offered to take him in.
3) His lecture eas so complicated that she only took in a few words of what he said
4) If you take this skirt in a little, it should fit you perfectly. It’s too big for you now.

Question 4

“1) write down
2) remove sth from a high place”

Answer 4

Take down

“1) The secretary took down the list of titles as her boss read them out.
2) You have to take down these curtains. They look very dirty.”

Question 5

surprise

Answer 5

Take aback

We were so taken aback by his decision to resign that we didn’t know what to say

Question 6

withdraw a statement or comment

Answer 6

Take back

I’ll never forgive you if you don’t

Question 7

“1) begin a hobby, sport,e tc
2) occupy space”

Answer 7

Take up

“1) Since his retirement, he has taken up painting to fill up some of his spare time.
2) That desk is so big that it takes up all his office”

Question 8

dislike sb

Answer 8

Take against

She seems to have taken against me, as if I have offended her somehow

Question 9

mistake sb/sth for sb/sth else

Answer 9

Take for

She’s always taken for Elizabeth Taylor, even though she doesn’t look much like her

Question 10

“1) remove (clothing)
2) leave the ground (of aeroplanes, etc)
3) imitate sb in a comic way
4) begin to succeed (of plans, ideas, etc)”

Answer 10

Take off

“1) She took the cover off the sofa and had it cleaned.
2) Their plane was due to take off at 10 p.m. but it was delayed because of fog.
3) Mark was sent home from school bc he was seen taking off the headmaster.
4) After a long time their line of cosmetics finally begun to take off”

Question 11

1) undertake sth
2) employ staff
3) accept sb as an opponent

Answer 11

Take on

1) I don’t think he’ll take on the new project unless you offer him more money.
2) They decided o take on at least 20 salespeople this year
3) The amateur boxer was apprehensive about taking on such and experienced fighter

Question 12

“1) remove, extract
2) accompany sb out, dine out/ theatre etc etc”

Answer 12

take out

“1) You’d better take this paragraph out as it weakens your argument.
2) He promised to take me out for dinner on Saturday evening.”

Question 13

Take control over sth, esp. in place of sb else

Answer 13

Take over

Mr. Johnson’s son is going to take over as chairman of the board.

Question 14

“1) find agreeable/like
2) begin a habit
3) escape to/hide in”

Answer 14

Take to

“1) He’s such an aggressive person that nobody actually takes to him.
2) He has taken to drinking cocoa at night to help him sleep
3) The rebels took to the mountains after their leader had been captured.”

Question 15

become involved in (usually derogative)

Answer 15

take up with

My daughter has taken up with a group of people who have no intention of finding a job.

Question 16

to make something gradually decrease in value or amount. reducir

Answer 16

Whittle away (Pág 198)

whittle sth away

Inflation has steadily whittled away their savings.

Question 17

persuade sb to agree to sth

Answer 17

Talk sb round

He was against the plan at first, but they managed to talk him round.

Question 18

Persuade sb NOT to do sth

Answer 18

Talk sb out of sth

Jane was so determined to become a model that her parents couldn’t talk her out of it.

Question 19

“1) gossip about sb
2) consider”

Answer 19

Talk about

“1) Stop behaving like that or your neighbours will start to talk about you
2) He keeps talking about moving to another city, but I doubt if he will.”

Question 20

speak to sb without listening to their replies

Answer 20

Talk at

I’ve never had a real conversation with Peter; he just talks at you.

Question 21

reply rudely.

Synonym: answer sb back

Answer 21

Talk back

He insisted that children who talk back ought to be punished.

Question 22

speak to sb as if they were less clever or important than oneself

Answer 22

Talk down to sb

Our boss talks down to us as if we were children.

Question 23

persuade sb to do sth

Answer 23

Talk sb into

You can’t talk me into giving you more money. I’ve given you enough already.

Question 24

settle a problem by talking

Answer 24

Talk sb out

If you can’t talk out your differences with your fiancé, you’d better break up.

Question 25

distinguish

Answer 25

tell apart

The only way one can tell the twins apart is by their haircuts.

Question 26

spoil chances of success

Answer 26

tell against

His lack of convincing alibi will tell against him at the trial

Question 26

prepare (plan) carefully

Answer 26

Think out

She thought her ideas out carefully before putting them down on paper.

Question 27

1) To change position so that the other side is facing towards the outside or the top.

2) To think about sth carefully

Answer 27

TURN OVER

1) If you turn over you might find it easier to get to sleep.
2) She kept turning over the events of the day in her mind.

Question 27

take sth into account

Answer 27

Think of

Racing drivers rarely think of the dangers involved in their profession..

Question 28

“scold/reprimand.
(informal) to speak angrily to somebody for doing something wrong”

Answer 28

tell off

Ann was told off by her father for coming home late,

Question 29

Invent or devise sth

Answer 29

Think up

We need to think up an exciting advertising campaign for our new product.

Question 30

“1) ​(old-fashioned) to go to bed
2) (informal) to take somebody to the police or somebody in authority because they have committed a crime”

Answer 30

Turn in

1) I’d better turn in early, I didn’t sleep well last night.

2) We were jet-set, Bonnie and Clyde (oh-oh)
Until I switched to the other side, to the other side
It’s no surprise I turned you in (oh-oh)
‘Cause us traitors never win. (Getaway Car - Taylor Swift)

Question 31

“1) to be present at an event
2) to produce somebody/something
3) to be discovered to be; to prove to be

Answer 31

TURN OUT

1) A vast crowd turned out to watch the procession.
2) The factory turns out 900 cars a week.
The school has turned out some first-rate students.
3) It turned out that she was a friend of my sister.
The house they had offered us turned out to be a tiny apartment.

Question 32

​To transform, to become sth else.
Synonym: make into. (make sth into sth else)

Answer 32

TURN INTO
turn (from something) into something”

Our dream holiday turned into a nightmare.
They want to turn that basement room into a play room.

Question 33

to consider an idea or plan carefully before making a decision

Answer 33

THINK OVER

He asked if he could think the proposal over before giving an answer.

Question 34

“1) ​(of a person) to arrive
2) to increase the sound, heat, etc. of a piece of equipment”

Answer 34

Turn up

“1) We arranged to meet at 7.30, but she never turned up.
2) Could you turn the TV up?”

Question 35

​to go to somebody/something for help, advice, etc.

Answer 35

Turn to

She has nobody she can turn to.

Question 36

“1) to reject or refuse to consider an offer, a proposal, etc. or the person who makes it
2) ​to reduce the noise, heat, etc. produced by a piece of equipment by moving its controls”

Answer 36

Turn down

“1) Why did she turn down your invitation?
2) Please turn the volume down.
Please turn down the heat before the sauce burns.”

Question 37

to start the flow of electricity, gas, water, etc. by moving a switch, button, etc.

Answer 37

Turn on

“to turn on the heating
I’ll turn the television on.”

Question 38

To refuse to allow somebody to enter a place.

Answer 38

Turn away

Hundreds of people were turned away from the stadium (= because it was full).

Question 39

1) find agreeable/like
2) Begin a habit
3) Escape to or hide in

Answer 39

Take to (pág 209)

“He’s such an aggressive person that nobody actually takes to him.
We took to the new teacher right away.”

Question 40

to have to deal with a problem

Answer 40

come up against something (pág 231)

If you come up against difficulties, let me know and I’ll help out.

Question 40

(British English) (of an event) to take place and be completed in a particular way

Answer 40

Pass off (pág 222)

The demonstration passed off peacefully.

Question 41

to try harder to prevent an illegal activity and deal more severely with those who are caught doing it

Answer 41

crack down ON (pág 222)

Police are cracking down on drug dealers.
to crack down hard on crime

Question 41

1) to receive a relatively light punishment
2) to steal something and escape with it (=make off with)

Answer 41

get away with (pág 222)

1) He was lucky to get away with only a fine.
2) Thieves got away with computer equipment worth $30 000.

Question 42

scatter sth

Answer 42

throw about/around

Joan threw books and papers around/about the room whilst trying to find her passport and her cheque book.

Question 43

Discard sth as useless. to get rid of something that you no longer want

Answer 43

throw away

I don’t need that—you can throw it away.

Question 44

to remind somebody of something they have said or done in the past, especially to upset or annoy them

Answer 44

throw sth back at sb

His unwise remark was frequently thrown back at him by his colleagues.

Question 45

to begin to do something with energy and enthusiasm

Answer 45

throw oneself into

On finishing university, she threw herself into her new editing career with great enthusiasm.

Question 46

to rely entirely upon sb. to commit oneself to another’s mercy, generosity, support, etc.; trust in

Answer 46

throw oneself on sb/sth

Although Paul is having a hard time, he doesn’t want to throw himself on his friends and ask for their help.

Question 47

1) ​to manage to get rid of something/somebody that is making you suffer, annoying you, etc.
2) ​to take off a piece of clothing quickly and carelessly
librarse de algo/alguien

Answer 47

throw off

1) to throw off a cold/your worries/your pursuers
2) She entered the room and threw off her wet coat.

Question 48

to get rid of something that you no longer want
syn: throw sth away

Este phrasal tiene esta idea de largar algo, o desccartar algo. Tiene otros significados como por ejemplo:
- to produce smoke, light, heat, etc
- to say sth in a way that suggests you have not given it a lot of thought (tirar algo)
- to decide not to accept a proposal, an idea, etc.

Answer 48

throw sth out

When Joanna lost a lot of weight, she decided to throw out all her larger-sized clothes.

Question 49

to force somebody to leave a place. Básicamente, echar a alguien de tu casa que se tome el palo. Tmb es echar a alguien que no paga el alquiler por ejemplo. To force sb to leave.

Synonym: “see sb off”

Answer 49

THROW SB OUT

You’ll be thrown out if you don’t pay the rent.

Question 50

Bring ppl into contact with each other, often unexpectedly

Answer 50

throw sb together

Fate had thrown them together.

Question 51

“en el examen toman AMBOS significados:
1) to vomit (be sick)
2) to leave your job

otro significado que no toman:
To build sth suddenly or in a hurry”

Answer 51

throw up

“1) The smell made me want to throw up.
2) to throw up your career

3) They’re throwing up new housing estates all over the place”

Question 52

to put on a piece of clothing to see if it fits and how it looks

Answer 52

try on

try a shirt/skirt/etc on
Try the shoes on before you buy them.

Question 53

to test or use somebody/something in order to see how good or effective they are

Answer 53

try out

They’re trying out a new presenter for the show.

Question 54

​to become, or make something become, gradually thinner or smoother through continuous use or rubbing. To become thin, damaged, weak etc by constant use

desgastar algo

Answer 54

wear away

“The inscription on the coin had worn away.
The steps had been worn away by the feet of thousands of pilgrims.
The surface of the road was worn away by severe flooding.”

Question 55

to gradually disappear or stop (effect of sth, for example, drugs/anesthesia)

Answer 55

WEAR OFF

The effects of the drug will soon wear off.

Question 55

to become, or make something become, thin or no longer able to be used, usually because it has been used too much

desgastar hasta el punto de que ya no se pueda usar y haga falta desecharlo

Answer 55

wear out

He wore out two pairs of shoes last year.

Question 56

“1) overcome the effects of sth (energy, stress, anger) by using physical effort.
2) to earn money in order to be able to pay a debt”

Answer 56

work off

“1)She worked off her anger by going for a walk.
2) They had a large bank loan to work off.”

Question 57

to try hard to improve or achieve something. (en el CPE está como “be occupied with”), pero se usa en los mismos contextos.

Answer 57

work on

“You need to work on your pronunciation a bit more.
‘Have you sorted out a babysitter yet?’ ‘No, but I’m working on it.’
We are working on plans for a new swimming pool.”

Question 58

“1) find a solution by reasoning
2) turn out successfully. ​to develop in a successful way

otra definición que no toman: to train the body by physical exercise”

Answer 58

work out

“1) I’m trying to work out how this device was put together.
2) My first job didn’t work out.

3) I work out regularly to keep fit.”

Question 59

“1) Develop. to develop or improve something with some effort
2) Excite
3) Advance (in business)”

Answer 59

work up

“1) She went for a long walk to work up an appetite.
2) Don’t work yourself up into a state about it. It isn’t worth it.
3) She is hoping to work her way up to a vice-presidency”

Question 60

syn: extinguir

to cause not to exist any more

Answer 60

Wipe out (pág 231)

Polar bears could be wiped out by global warming.