PHRASALS (UNITS 13, 14, 15) Flashcards
1) to reject or refuse to consider an offer, a proposal, etc. or the person who makes it
2) to reduce the noise, heat, etc. produced by a piece of equipment by moving its controls
Turn down (Pág 192)
Coll:
1) turn down a proposal/offer/ a job/ an invitation / a person
2) Turn down the volume
1) He’ll turn down the job, even if you offer him a really attractive salary.
look/be like a relative parecerse a un familiar
Take after
Your daughter doesn’t take after you at all.
Remove
Take away
These magazines must be read in the library. You can’t take them away.
1) deceive
2) allow sb to stay in one’s home, for example, a foreign student. (see difference with “Put sb up”). This is for a long/indefinite period of time.
3) understand
4) make clothes smaller
TAKE IN
1) Nobody was taken in by his story, although it seemed convincing at first.
2) When they discovered that the child was an orphan, they offered to take him in.
3) His lecture eas so complicated that she only took in a few words of what he said
4) If you take this skirt in a little, it should fit you perfectly. It’s too big for you now.
“1) write down
2) remove sth from a high place”
Take down
“1) The secretary took down the list of titles as her boss read them out.
2) You have to take down these curtains. They look very dirty.”
surprise
Take aback
We were so taken aback by his decision to resign that we didn’t know what to say
withdraw a statement or comment
Take back
I’ll never forgive you if you don’t
“1) begin a hobby, sport,e tc
2) occupy space”
Take up
“1) Since his retirement, he has taken up painting to fill up some of his spare time.
2) That desk is so big that it takes up all his office”
dislike sb
Take against
She seems to have taken against me, as if I have offended her somehow
mistake sb/sth for sb/sth else
Take for
She’s always taken for Elizabeth Taylor, even though she doesn’t look much like her
“1) remove (clothing)
2) leave the ground (of aeroplanes, etc)
3) imitate sb in a comic way
4) begin to succeed (of plans, ideas, etc)”
Take off
“1) She took the cover off the sofa and had it cleaned.
2) Their plane was due to take off at 10 p.m. but it was delayed because of fog.
3) Mark was sent home from school bc he was seen taking off the headmaster.
4) After a long time their line of cosmetics finally begun to take off”
1) undertake sth
2) employ staff
3) accept sb as an opponent
Take on
1) I don’t think he’ll take on the new project unless you offer him more money.
2) They decided o take on at least 20 salespeople this year
3) The amateur boxer was apprehensive about taking on such and experienced fighter
“1) remove, extract
2) accompany sb out, dine out/ theatre etc etc”
take out
“1) You’d better take this paragraph out as it weakens your argument.
2) He promised to take me out for dinner on Saturday evening.”
Take control over sth, esp. in place of sb else
Take over
Mr. Johnson’s son is going to take over as chairman of the board.
“1) find agreeable/like
2) begin a habit
3) escape to/hide in”
Take to
“1) He’s such an aggressive person that nobody actually takes to him.
2) He has taken to drinking cocoa at night to help him sleep
3) The rebels took to the mountains after their leader had been captured.”
become involved in (usually derogative)
take up with
My daughter has taken up with a group of people who have no intention of finding a job.
to make something gradually decrease in value or amount. reducir
Whittle away (Pág 198)
whittle sth away
Inflation has steadily whittled away their savings.
persuade sb to agree to sth
Talk sb round
He was against the plan at first, but they managed to talk him round.
Persuade sb NOT to do sth
Talk sb out of sth
Jane was so determined to become a model that her parents couldn’t talk her out of it.
“1) gossip about sb
2) consider”
Talk about
“1) Stop behaving like that or your neighbours will start to talk about you
2) He keeps talking about moving to another city, but I doubt if he will.”
speak to sb without listening to their replies
Talk at
I’ve never had a real conversation with Peter; he just talks at you.
reply rudely.
Synonym: answer sb back
Talk back
He insisted that children who talk back ought to be punished.
speak to sb as if they were less clever or important than oneself
Talk down to sb
Our boss talks down to us as if we were children.
persuade sb to do sth
Talk sb into
You can’t talk me into giving you more money. I’ve given you enough already.
settle a problem by talking
Talk sb out
If you can’t talk out your differences with your fiancé, you’d better break up.
distinguish
tell apart
The only way one can tell the twins apart is by their haircuts.
spoil chances of success
tell against
His lack of convincing alibi will tell against him at the trial
prepare (plan) carefully
Think out
She thought her ideas out carefully before putting them down on paper.
1) To change position so that the other side is facing towards the outside or the top.
2) To think about sth carefully
TURN OVER
1) If you turn over you might find it easier to get to sleep.
2) She kept turning over the events of the day in her mind.
take sth into account
Think of
Racing drivers rarely think of the dangers involved in their profession..
“scold/reprimand.
(informal) to speak angrily to somebody for doing something wrong”
tell off
Ann was told off by her father for coming home late,
Invent or devise sth
Think up
We need to think up an exciting advertising campaign for our new product.
“1) (old-fashioned) to go to bed
2) (informal) to take somebody to the police or somebody in authority because they have committed a crime”
Turn in
1) I’d better turn in early, I didn’t sleep well last night.
2) We were jet-set, Bonnie and Clyde (oh-oh)
Until I switched to the other side, to the other side
It’s no surprise I turned you in (oh-oh)
‘Cause us traitors never win. (Getaway Car - Taylor Swift)
“1) to be present at an event
2) to produce somebody/something
3) to be discovered to be; to prove to be
TURN OUT
1) A vast crowd turned out to watch the procession.
2) The factory turns out 900 cars a week.
The school has turned out some first-rate students.
3) It turned out that she was a friend of my sister.
The house they had offered us turned out to be a tiny apartment.
To transform, to become sth else.
Synonym: make into. (make sth into sth else)
TURN INTO
turn (from something) into something”
Our dream holiday turned into a nightmare.
They want to turn that basement room into a play room.
to consider an idea or plan carefully before making a decision
THINK OVER
He asked if he could think the proposal over before giving an answer.
“1) (of a person) to arrive
2) to increase the sound, heat, etc. of a piece of equipment”
Turn up
“1) We arranged to meet at 7.30, but she never turned up.
2) Could you turn the TV up?”
to go to somebody/something for help, advice, etc.
Turn to
She has nobody she can turn to.
“1) to reject or refuse to consider an offer, a proposal, etc. or the person who makes it
2) to reduce the noise, heat, etc. produced by a piece of equipment by moving its controls”
Turn down
“1) Why did she turn down your invitation?
2) Please turn the volume down.
Please turn down the heat before the sauce burns.”
to start the flow of electricity, gas, water, etc. by moving a switch, button, etc.
Turn on
“to turn on the heating
I’ll turn the television on.”
To refuse to allow somebody to enter a place.
Turn away
Hundreds of people were turned away from the stadium (= because it was full).
1) find agreeable/like
2) Begin a habit
3) Escape to or hide in
Take to (pág 209)
“He’s such an aggressive person that nobody actually takes to him.
We took to the new teacher right away.”
to have to deal with a problem
come up against something (pág 231)
If you come up against difficulties, let me know and I’ll help out.
(British English) (of an event) to take place and be completed in a particular way
Pass off (pág 222)
The demonstration passed off peacefully.
to try harder to prevent an illegal activity and deal more severely with those who are caught doing it
crack down ON (pág 222)
Police are cracking down on drug dealers.
to crack down hard on crime
1) to receive a relatively light punishment
2) to steal something and escape with it (=make off with)
get away with (pág 222)
1) He was lucky to get away with only a fine.
2) Thieves got away with computer equipment worth $30 000.
scatter sth
throw about/around
Joan threw books and papers around/about the room whilst trying to find her passport and her cheque book.
Discard sth as useless. to get rid of something that you no longer want
throw away
I don’t need that—you can throw it away.
to remind somebody of something they have said or done in the past, especially to upset or annoy them
throw sth back at sb
His unwise remark was frequently thrown back at him by his colleagues.
to begin to do something with energy and enthusiasm
throw oneself into
On finishing university, she threw herself into her new editing career with great enthusiasm.
to rely entirely upon sb. to commit oneself to another’s mercy, generosity, support, etc.; trust in
throw oneself on sb/sth
Although Paul is having a hard time, he doesn’t want to throw himself on his friends and ask for their help.
1) to manage to get rid of something/somebody that is making you suffer, annoying you, etc.
2) to take off a piece of clothing quickly and carelessly
librarse de algo/alguien
throw off
1) to throw off a cold/your worries/your pursuers
2) She entered the room and threw off her wet coat.
to get rid of something that you no longer want
syn: throw sth away
Este phrasal tiene esta idea de largar algo, o desccartar algo. Tiene otros significados como por ejemplo:
- to produce smoke, light, heat, etc
- to say sth in a way that suggests you have not given it a lot of thought (tirar algo)
- to decide not to accept a proposal, an idea, etc.
throw sth out
When Joanna lost a lot of weight, she decided to throw out all her larger-sized clothes.
to force somebody to leave a place. Básicamente, echar a alguien de tu casa que se tome el palo. Tmb es echar a alguien que no paga el alquiler por ejemplo. To force sb to leave.
Synonym: “see sb off”
THROW SB OUT
You’ll be thrown out if you don’t pay the rent.
Bring ppl into contact with each other, often unexpectedly
throw sb together
Fate had thrown them together.
“en el examen toman AMBOS significados:
1) to vomit (be sick)
2) to leave your job
otro significado que no toman:
To build sth suddenly or in a hurry”
throw up
“1) The smell made me want to throw up.
2) to throw up your career
3) They’re throwing up new housing estates all over the place”
to put on a piece of clothing to see if it fits and how it looks
try on
try a shirt/skirt/etc on
Try the shoes on before you buy them.
to test or use somebody/something in order to see how good or effective they are
try out
They’re trying out a new presenter for the show.
to become, or make something become, gradually thinner or smoother through continuous use or rubbing. To become thin, damaged, weak etc by constant use
desgastar algo
wear away
“The inscription on the coin had worn away.
The steps had been worn away by the feet of thousands of pilgrims.
The surface of the road was worn away by severe flooding.”
to gradually disappear or stop (effect of sth, for example, drugs/anesthesia)
WEAR OFF
The effects of the drug will soon wear off.
to become, or make something become, thin or no longer able to be used, usually because it has been used too much
desgastar hasta el punto de que ya no se pueda usar y haga falta desecharlo
wear out
He wore out two pairs of shoes last year.
“1) overcome the effects of sth (energy, stress, anger) by using physical effort.
2) to earn money in order to be able to pay a debt”
work off
“1)She worked off her anger by going for a walk.
2) They had a large bank loan to work off.”
to try hard to improve or achieve something. (en el CPE está como “be occupied with”), pero se usa en los mismos contextos.
work on
“You need to work on your pronunciation a bit more.
‘Have you sorted out a babysitter yet?’ ‘No, but I’m working on it.’
We are working on plans for a new swimming pool.”
“1) find a solution by reasoning
2) turn out successfully. to develop in a successful way
otra definición que no toman: to train the body by physical exercise”
work out
“1) I’m trying to work out how this device was put together.
2) My first job didn’t work out.
3) I work out regularly to keep fit.”
“1) Develop. to develop or improve something with some effort
2) Excite
3) Advance (in business)”
work up
“1) She went for a long walk to work up an appetite.
2) Don’t work yourself up into a state about it. It isn’t worth it.
3) She is hoping to work her way up to a vice-presidency”
syn: extinguir
to cause not to exist any more
Wipe out (pág 231)
Polar bears could be wiped out by global warming.
