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Hist 202 > Photosynthesis (pdbio exam 3) > Flashcards

Photosynthesis (pdbio exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

The plants way of converting sunlight to glucose and subsequently ATP via mitochondria and oxidative respiration.

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2
Q

What is an autotroph

A

organism that photosynthesizes

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3
Q

In plants, they use sunlight to convert ___ to ___.

A

H2O to O2

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4
Q

CO2 is then reduced to carbohydrates in a separate set of reactions. This process (reducing ___ and adding to an ____) is said to ___ CO2

A

CO2
organic molecule
“fix”

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5
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

CO2 + H2O + light energy&raquo_space; C6H1206 + O2 + H2O

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6
Q

What is reduced in the photosynthesis equation?

A

CO2 is reduced

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7
Q

What is oxidized in the photosynthesis equation?

A

H2O is oxidized

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8
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur?

A

In the chloroplast

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9
Q

What is the green pigment called that chloroplast contains?

A

chlorophyll

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10
Q

In the chloroplast there is no ____, therefore, all ATP stays in the chloroplasts and is used to synthesize ____

A

ATP transporter

sugar

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11
Q

What is a stack of thylakoid disks called?

A

the granum

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12
Q

What is the thick fluid found in between grand where the carbohydrate formation reactions occur in the chloroplast of plant cells undergoing photosynthesis?

A

the stroma

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13
Q

The _____ contains pigment molecules

A

thylakoid membrane

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14
Q

What is the inside pocket of a thylakoid disc called?

A

the thylakoid lumen

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15
Q

What are the two stages of photosynthesis?
Where do they take place?
What do they use and produce?

A

1) light reactions
- take place in thylakoid membranes
- use light energy and water and produce ATP, NADPH, and O2
2) dark reactions
- take place in the stroma
- use ATP, NADPH, and CO2 and produce glucose/carbohydrate

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16
Q

Where is the ETC located?

A

Along the membrane of the thylakoid

17
Q

What is the electron source for photosynthesis?

A

Water

18
Q

What is the difference between Photosystems I and II?

A

PSII: occurs first, electrons excited when light hits the pigments in the P680 photo center, breaks down (oxidizes) H2O to O2, releases energy in ETC and creates a H+ electrochemical gradient
PSI: occurs second, re-excites the electrons when light hits the pigments in the P700 photocenter, primary role is to make NADPH (meanwhile the H+ are leaving the thylakoid to the stroma through the ATP synthase creating ATP

19
Q

Plants ____ colors that they don’t absorb well

A

reflect

20
Q

The pigments don’t absorb ____ so the ____ color is reflected

A

green, green

21
Q

What color wavelengths are great for photosynthesis?

A

Blue and red

22
Q

What primarily protect chlorophyll by absorbing free radicals?

A

Carotenoids

23
Q

The ____ scheme is a good representation of the energy levels at different points in the light reaction

A

Z

24
Q

What are the three chemical products of the light reactions?

How/where produced?

A
  1. oxygen, O2: produced in the thylakoid lumen by oxidation of H2O by PSII
  2. NADPH: produced in the stroma from high-energy electrons that start in PSII and are boosted in PSI
  3. ATP: produced in stroma by ATP synthase using the H+ electrochemical gradient
25
Q

What is another name for the Calvin cycle?

A

Carbon fixation

26
Q

The carbon from ____ in the environment is used to synthesize carbohydrates

A

CO2

27
Q

What is the main occurrence of the Calvin cycle?

A

CO2 is added to a 5 carbon and 6 carbon carbohydrates are formed

28
Q

What enzyme facilitates the CO2 being added to a 5 carbon in the Calvin cycle?

A

rubisco

29
Q

Variations in photosynthesis are due to what 3 factors?

A 
Light intensity (incr = faster)
Temperature (incr = faster)
Water availability (good amount = faster)
30
Q

The light reaction of photosynthesis takes place in the ____, while the Calvin cycle occurs in the ____ of the chloroplast.

A

thylakoid membrane

stroma

31
Q

In photosynthesis, light energy is converted to ____ energy, which in turn is converted to ____ energy in a sugar molecule

A

electrochemical

chemical

32
Q

T/F: The ATP used during the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis comes from cellular respiration.

A

False

Hist 202 (11 decks)

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