Midterm 1 Flashcards
Who had the most advanced economy in the world before the eighteenth century?
China
Why did women in Southeast Asia tend to have more economic power than women in India, China, and Europe?
They took the primary role in planting and harvesting rice
By the mid-sixteenth century, what empire had established control over eastern Mediterranean routes to trading centers in Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and the rest of North Africa?
Ottoman
What event occurred in the Byzantine empire in the late fifteenth century that limited Europe’s access to spices from the East?
Ottoman armies conquered Constantinople and took control of trade routes to the East
Scholars have identified the natives first encountered by Columbus as peoples from what indigenous group?
Taino
The assembly called by Charles V in Valladolid, Spain, in 1550 debated what issue?
The exploitation of the native population of the Americas
What did the Spanish discover at Potosì in the sixteenth century?
Silver, in large quantities
What did the encomienda system, established by the Spanish crown, allow Spaniards to do?
Exact tribute and forced labor from the native people on a particular piece of land
How far west did Zheng He explore in the fifteenth century?
Egypt
Where did Italian merchants originally purchase slaves?
The Balkans
Where did the Turks originate?
Mongolia
Who were the janissaries?
Elite Ottoman slave soldiers
What was the religious basis of the Safavid Dynasty?
Shi’ite Islam
Which of these did Akbar use to help govern his vast empire?
Four co-equal ministers
How did Aurangzeb anger many of his subjects?
His Islamic zealotry troubled his non-Muslim subjects
To where have Arabs traced the first use of coffee?
To Sufi religious rituals in Yemen
What did Aurangzeb do in his attempts to enforce a more Islamic culture?
He forbade Sati and abolished all taxes not authorized by Islamic law
The Treaty of Paris in 1763 gave control of India to whom?
The British
What practice did Shah Abbas of the Safavids adopt from the Ottomans?
He built an army of slaves
Suleiman and Francis I of France formed an alliance to prevent the expansion in Europe of what ruling family?
The Hasburgs
What happened on Saint Bartholomew’s Day August 24, 1572?
French Catholics attacked Calvinists at the wedding of the king’s sister
Martin Luther clashed with what Habsburg emperor?
Charles V
What was the root cause of the Thirty Years’ War?
Conflicts between Catholics and Protestants
Who did the Spanish crown expel in 1609?
Moriscos, or former muslims
Louis XIV believed in what political doctrine?
The divine right of kings
In the late seventeenth century, the Austrian Habsburgs drove what rival empire out of Hungary?
The Ottomans
Who held the political power in the Dutch Republic in the seventeenth century?
An oligarchy of wealthy businessmen
The first permanent French settlement at Quebec was founded as
a fur trading post
What was an important aspect of Peter the Great’s tour of Western Europe?
He was particularly impressed by the power of the Dutch and English
The negative reputation of Ivan the Terrible grew from his violent treatment of what group?
The leading boyar families
How did humanists of the 15th century help provide a foundation for the Scientific Revolution?
They emphasized the value of acquiring practical knowledge
What was Copernicus’s primary reason for rejecting the Ptolemaic model of the solar system.
He felt that it was too unwieldy to be part of God’s harmonious creation.
How did Johannes Kepler refine the Copernican model of the solar system?
He hypothesized elliptical orbits for the planets
Isaac Newton’s theories were based on the principle that the motions of the universe could be explained through which of the following?
mathematics
Which of the following did empiricism emphasize?
Acquiring evidence through observation and experimentation
Which two men are generally given credit for creating the modern scientific method?
Renè Descartes and Francis Bacon
What did John Locke claim in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding?
That all ideas are derived from experience
Rousseau’s Social Contract was based on what two fundamental concepts?
The general will and popular sovereignty
The consumer revolution came about in part because of
Cheap reproductions and colonial trade
The Haskalah movement advocated for which of the following?
Religious freedom and civil rights for European Jews
How were chattel slaves viewed?
They were commodities that were considered subhuman property
For what is Leo Africanus best known?
His descriptions of African society
Why was the city of Timbuktu well known?
It possessed a thriving urban culture
In the trans-Saharan trade, Kanem-Bornu traded slaves to North Africa for what?
Horses
What was the chief trade good in the trans-Saharan trade routes?
Salt
What was the primary religion of Ethiopia?
Coptic Christianity
Roughly 35% of Swahili words come from which of the following languages?
Arabic
What important role did the Portuguese forts and markets at Kilwa, Zanzibar, and Sofala have?
They became the foundation of Portuguese economic power on the Swahili coast.
Which of these was true of the black population of eighteenth-century London?
Most black Londonders were sailors or personal servants
Most slaves exported by the Portuguese to Brazil came from
Angola
