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Science > Photosynthesis (McLean) > Flashcards

Photosynthesis (McLean) Flashcards

1
Q

Photosynthesis word equation

A

Carbon dioxide + water –> Glucose + Oxygen

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2
Q

Input energy for photosynthesis

A

light from the sun

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3
Q

Output energy for photosynthesis

A

Chemical energy in the bonds of glucose

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4
Q

Photosynthesis chemical equation (balanced)

A

6CO2 + 6H20 –> C6H1206 + 6O2

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5
Q

What is glucose

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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6
Q

Products of glucose

A

starch, cellulose, sucrose, amino acids

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7
Q

starch

A

multiple glucose

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8
Q

cellulose

A

sugar found in cells

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9
Q

sucrose

A

sugar found in fruits

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10
Q

amino acids

A

Proteins

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11
Q

Parts of a plant cell

A

Mitochondria, Vacuole, Nucleus, Cell Wall, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Chloroplasts

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12
Q

Mitochondria

A

organelle responsible for respiration

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13
Q

Vacuole

A

A space in the plant cell that stores fluid

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14
Q

Nucleus

A

Most important part, is responsible for activity and growth, and has DNA

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15
Q

Cell Wall

A

outer layer of the cell that protects it

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16
Q

Cytoplasm

A

a gelatinous liquid that fills up the plant cell

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17
Q

Cell membrane

A

Is responsible for controlling what substances exit and enter the cell

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18
Q

Chloroplast

A

an organelle that contains chlorophyll, which is where photosynthesis derives from

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19
Q

Parts of a leaf cell

A

Waxy cuticle, upper epidermis, vascular bundle, guard cells, stomata, air spaces, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll

20
Q

Waxy cuticle

A

A waterproof layer that protects the leaf

21
Q

Vascular bundle

A

A combination of the phloem (brings sugar/glucose up the plant) and the xylem (brings water and minerals to the leaf

22
Q

Guard cells

A

Cells that control the opening and closing of the stomata

23
Q

Air spaces

A

Large gaps between cells that are filled with air

24
Q

Spongy Mesophyll

A

Allows interchange of gases such as CO2 that are needed for photosynthesis

25
Q

Palisade Mesophyll

A

Where most of the photosynthesis occurs, contains many chloroplasts that are close for light absorption

26
Q

Upper epidermis

A

Conserves water by eliminating excess sunlight

27
Q

Lower epidermis

A

Gas exchange

28
Q

Organelles with the most chloroplasts

A

Palisade mesophyll, guard cells and spongy mesophyll (rest have no chloroplasts)

29
Q

Xerophytes

A

A plant that can live with very little water

30
Q

Halophytes

A

A salt-tolerant plant that can live in waters with high-salinity

31
Q

How water leaves the plant

A

via diffusion

32
Q

What happens when water is removed from a plant

A

Vacuole shrink, cells plasmolyse, membrane pulls away from the cell wall

33
Q

How does plasmolyzation happen?

A

When a cell is placed into a solution with not enough water

34
Q

Solvent

A

a substances that dissolves solutes, e.g. water

35
Q

Solute

A

a substance that is dissolved in a solvent e.g. sugar, salt

36
Q

Osmolarity

A

Water moves from ares of high concentration to areas of low concentration to balance the salt and water ratio

37
Q

Isotonic

A

equal ratio of solvent to solute, leads to flaccid cell

38
Q

Hypertonic

A

unbalanced ratio with more solute (salt), leads to plasmolysed cell

39
Q

Hypotonic

A

unbalanced ratio with more solvent (water), leads to turgid cell

40
Q

What is nitrogen needed in the plant for

A

is needed to ensure energy is available when needed is also a key part in amino acids which provides proteins and enzymes for plants

41
Q

What happens to a nitrogen deficient plant

A

Plant turns yellowish - green, growth slows, reduced tiller development

42
Q

What is phosphorus need in the plant for

A

Harvests the sun’s energy and turns it into growth and reproduction, also used to make DNA, cell membranes, respiration and growth

43
Q

What happens to a phosphorus deficient plant

A

Leaves turn dark, dull, blue-green and maybe pale is severe cases, problematic growth

44
Q

What is potassium needed for in the plant

A

needed for movement of water, nutrients, and carbs, is involved with enzyme activation, produces ATP. Helps enzymes in photosynthesis and respiration

45
Q

What happens to a potassium deficient plant

A

Plant wilts on dry, sunny days and normally wilts, also has brown scorching and curling leaf tips as well as chlorosis - yellowing between leaf veins, poor flower and fruit growth

46
Q

What is magnesium needed for in the plant

A

Magnesium is the central core of chlorophyll molecule, it also helps activate some enzyme and gives vibrant green color to enable photosynthesis

47
Q

What happens to a magnesium deficient plant

A

Yellow between leaf veins, with sometimes reddish brown tints, early leaf fall, photosynthesis won’t be able to happen

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