Atoms 1 (Brett) Flashcards

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1
Q

Democritus

A

Founded the atoms or ‘atomos’ in greek, and thought all matter was indivisible and that atoms were indestructible, and that they differed in size, shape, mass, position and arrangement

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2
Q

John Dalton

A

agreed with Democritus, thought all matter was made of atoms, all atoms of elements are identical, all atoms of different elects are different, atoms can’t be created or destroyed (law of conservation of mass), atoms combine in fixed ratios to form compounds (law of definite proportions)

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3
Q

J.J. Thompson

A

Discovered electrons with the Plum Pudding Model, electron is close to 2000x smaller than the atom, things are inside the atom, atom has electrons and positive body

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4
Q

Ernest Rutherford

A

Not satisfied with current throes so he did and experiment, he projected a beam of alpha particles to a thin sheet of gold to probe inner structure of the atom, 99% went straight through the atom, 1/6000 deflected and 1/8000 reflected, proved that the atom is mostly empty, with electrons and a positive nucleus

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5
Q

Nucleus and atom size relationship

A

nucleus is 10000x smaller than the atom

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6
Q

Top number on periodic elements

A

atomic number

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7
Q

Bottom number on periodic elements

A

Atomic mass

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8
Q

RAM

A

Relative Atomic Mass

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9
Q

Proton charge

A

Positive

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10
Q

Proton mass

A

1

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11
Q

Electron charge

A

-1

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12
Q

Electron mass

A

1/2000

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13
Q

Neutron charge

A

0

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14
Q

Neutron mass

A

1

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15
Q

proton to neutron relationship on the periodic table

A

same amount

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16
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons

17
Q

Mass number

A

Protons & Neutrons

18
Q

How to work out neutron number

A

mass number - atomic number

19
Q

Electron configuration

A

arrangement of shells

20
Q

Max electron configuration

A

2,8,8,18,18…

21
Q

First 20 elements of periodic table (names)

A

Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Neon, Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminum, Silicon, Phosphorus, Sulfur, CHlorine, Argon, Potassium, Calcium

22
Q

First 20 elements of periodic table (symbols)

A

H, He, Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca

23
Q

Group 1 elements

A

Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Caesium (Cs), Francium (Fr)

24
Q

Pattern of elements going down groups

A

Boiling points reduce, melting points reduce, Density increases, more reactive, atomic radius increases

25
Q

Metal + Water –>

A

Metal hydroxide

26
Q

Why elements further down the table are more reavtive

A

More shells mean a higher atomic radius, which makes the connection between the electrons and nucleus is worse, hence meaning it is easer lose (or gain) electrons

27
Q

Hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

28
Q

Nitric acid

A

HNO3

29
Q

Sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4

30
Q

Reactive part of an acid

A

Hydrogen

31
Q

Metal Oxide + Acid –>

A

Salt + Water

32
Q

Scientific equipment

A

measuring cylinder, beaker, glass rod, spatula, conical flask, water bath, Bunsen burner, evaporating basin

33
Q

Acid + Base –>

A

Salt + Water

34
Q

Base

A

Soluble alkali

35
Q

Copper Sulfate Method

A

1.Place 75ml of sulfuric acid in a conical flash
2.Add one spatula of copper oxide powder to the acid and stir with a glass rod
3.Add one more spatula of copper oxide and stir for 2 minutes
4.Filter the mixture to remove the excess copper oxide
5.Pour the filtrate (copper sulfate) into an evaporating basin
6.Heat the contents of the evaporating basin gently until about a third of the solution has evaporated
7.Leave the solution to cool and then examine the crystals which are formed. be careful because the crystals are harmful

36
Q

Titration

A

neutralizing reactions

37
Q

Phenolphthalein

A

Turns purple for alkali/base

38
Q

Titration method

A

1.Set up experiment like diagram and wear safety equipment
2.Pour 50ml of HCl acid into the conical flask
3.Add 1-2 drops of phenolphthalein (indicator)
4.Fill up the burette with sodium hydroxide (alkali)
5.Run the alkali through the rube into the acid, and keep stirring the mixture clear
6.Look for a complete color change (mixture is pink/purple)