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Botany > Photosynthesis: Light Reaction > Flashcards

Photosynthesis: Light Reaction Flashcards

walang kamatayang photosynthesis

1
Q

Photosynthetic organisms use this energy to synthesize complex carbon compounds.

A

solar energy

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2
Q

Light may appear as both __ and __.

A

particle; wave

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3
Q

The distance between successive wave crests is called ___.

A

wavelength

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4
Q

The number of wave crests that pass an observer in a given time is called ____.

A

frequency

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5
Q

The light wave is a ___ electromagnetic wave.

A

transverse

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6
Q

Light as a particle is called a __.

A

photon

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7
Q

Energy in a photon

A

quantum

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8
Q

The energy (E) of a photon depends on the frequency of the light. True or False?

A

True; known as Planck’s Law

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9
Q

Explain the relationship between (1) energy and frequency, and (2) energy and wavelength.

A

e = hv
e = hc/λ

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10
Q

Molecules that absorb light

A

pigments

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11
Q

Colors that chlorophyll absorb and reflect

A

blue and red: absorbed
green and yellow: reflected

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12
Q

Transitions to an excited state occur only when the energy exactly matches the energy gap between the ground state energy and the excited state energy.

A

law of quantum mechanics

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13
Q

When excited, chlorophyll may return to its ground state and release photon. This is called ___.

A

fluorescence

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14
Q

When excited, chlorophyll may return to its ground state, but no release of photon, which is known as ___.

A

relaxation

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15
Q

Chlorophyll may also transfer the energy to another molecule when excited. This is called ___.

A

energy transfer

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16
Q

The energy of the chlorophyll’s excited state causes chemical reactions. This is known as ___.

A

photochemistry

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17
Q

All pigments are found in the chloroplast. True or False?

A

true

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18
Q

Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria : chlorophyll
as
anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria :

A

bacteriochlorophyll

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19
Q

Number of rings found in a chlorophyll that are similar with the heme and cytochrome; known as ____.

A

four; porphyrin rings

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20
Q

Element that is central to the porphyrin ring.

A

magnesium; fe in heme

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21
Q

Long hydrophobic tail in a chlorophyll with 20 hydrocarbons.

A

phytol tail

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22
Q

Chlorophyll a & b : ____
Chlorophyll c, d, & f : ____

A

green plants
protists and cyanobacteria

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23
Q

Chlorophyll a absorbs _____.
Chlorophyll b absorbs _____.

A

violet and orange
blue and yellow

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24
Q

Tetraterpene (C40) molecules derived from eight isoprene units responsible for coloration, assembly of light-harvesting complexes, and protection of photosynthetic apparatus from photooxidative damage; accessory light‐harvesting pigments.

A

carotenoids

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25
Q

Site of biophysical and biochemical
reactions of photosynthesis.

A

chloroplast

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26
Q

Third membrane system of chloroplast

A

thylakoid membrane

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27
Q

Two complexes in pigments

A

antenna pigments; reaction center complex

28
Q

Photosystems are made up of ___.

A

LHC Proteins + pigments

29
Q

Photosystems are embedded in the ____.

A

thylakoid membrane

30
Q

energy transfer: ____
electron transfer: ____

A

antenna pigments
reaction center

31
Q

Proteins associated with antenna pigments which are structurally related.

A

light-harvesting complex

32
Q

PS II is associated with ___; PS I is with ___.

A

LHC II; LHC I

33
Q

Two types of reaction center on the nature of electron acceptor

A

type I, type II

34
Q

An RC based on electron acceptor that reduces a Fe-S cluster and is present in green sulfur bacteria.

A

type I

35
Q

An RC based on electron acceptor that reduces quinone and is present in purple bacteria.

A

type II

36
Q

Dimeric multi-subunit protein super complex.

A

PS II

37
Q

A large multi-subunit complex which is approximately made up of 15 proteins.

A

PS I

38
Q

RC in PS I

A

P700

39
Q

RC in PS II

A

P680

40
Q

PS II is a light-driven ___.

A

water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase

41
Q

PS I is a light-driven ____.

A

plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase

42
Q

What are the four major protein complexes in the thylakoid?

A
  1. PS II
  2. cytochrome b6f
  3. PS I
  4. ATP synthase
43
Q

PS II is located in the ____.

A

granal thylakoid

44
Q

Cytochrome b6f is evenly distributed in the thylakoid. True or False?

A

true

45
Q

PS I & ATP synthase are in the ____.

A

stromal thylakoid

46
Q

Dimers that transfer electrons from plastoquinol to plastocyanin.

A

cytochrome b6f

47
Q

Small, water-soluble, and copper-containing protein that transfers electrons between the cytochrome b6f complex and P700.

A

plastocyanin

48
Q

Plastocyanin is found in the ____.

A

lumenal space

49
Q

In certain green algae and cyanobacteria, a c-type cytochrome is sometimes found instead of plastocyanin.

A

true

50
Q

ATP Synthase has two segments: ___ and ___.

A

CF0 and CF1

51
Q

Transmembrane segment; participates in translocating protons across the membrane to the catalytic portion of the enzyme.

A

CF0

52
Q

Hydrophilic segment on the stromal
surface; involved in the actual conversion of ADP and Pi to yield ATP, using energy stored in the proton gradient.

A

CF1

53
Q

Chloroplast ATP synthase is a 400‐kDa enzyme that contains __ different subunits.

A

nine

54
Q

Proton translocation + Phosphorylation of ATP

A

chemiosmosis

55
Q

What are the three nucleotide‐binding sites on the enzyme?

A
  1. o-site
  2. l-site
  3. t-site
56
Q

Nucleotide-binding site that is available to bind ADP and Pi; open.

A

o-site

57
Q

Nucleotide-binding site wherein ADP and Pi are loosely bound; loose.

A

l-site

58
Q

Nucleotide-binding site where
ATP is formed; tight.

A

t-site

59
Q

The movement of H+ across the membrane drives rotation of the γ subunit in the enzyme, causing conformation changes that interconvert the 3 sites.

A

true

60
Q

Decreased efficiency for photosynthesis due to high intensities of light

A

photoinhibition

61
Q

Processes that dissipate excess absorbed light energy harmlessly as heat resulting in de‐excitation of the singlet state of chlorophyll in the antenna of PSII.

A

nonphotochemical quenching (npc)

62
Q

Carotenoids that have been implicated in NPQ

A

xanthophylls and lutein

63
Q

QB⁻

A

semiquinone

64
Q

QBH₂

A

plastoquinol

65
Q

A₁

A

phylloquinone

66
Q

Types of chloroplast electron transfers and subsequent phosphorylation:
▪ Non-cyclic/linear electron transfer = linear photophosphorylation
▪ Cyclic electron transfer = cyclic photophosphorylation

A

true

67
Q

Products of Light Reaction

A

ATP and NADPH

Botany (6 decks)

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