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Honors Biology - Sandro > Photosynthesis & Cell Respiration > Flashcards

Photosynthesis & Cell Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the main energy molecule?

A

atp

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2
Q

What is the full name of ATP?

A

adenosine triphosphate

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3
Q

what are the parts an ATP?

A
  • adenosine
  • ribose
  • 3 phosphates
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4
Q

What is created when you disconnect the 3rd phosphate from an ATP

A

adp

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5
Q

Besides creating ADP, what is the purpose of disconnecting a phosphate from an ATP molecule?

A

the reaction creates the energy necessary to power almost all energy-requiring activities

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6
Q

Describe ATP and Glucose’s storage patterns.

A
  • bad for long term storage
  • often stored in glucose
  • glucose holds 90x the energy of atp
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7
Q

What are the ingeredients for gluscose?

A

sunlight, water, carbon-dioxide

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8
Q

What is chlorophyll?

A

a special pigment that has many electrons - easily excited by sunlight

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9
Q

Where do light-independent reactions happen?

A

stroma

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10
Q

Where do light-dependent reactions happen?

A

granum/thylakoids

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11
Q

What is a thylakoid?

A

green membrane containing chlorophyll

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12
Q

What is a granum?

A

a stack of thylakoids

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13
Q

What is stroma?

A

the fluid granums float in

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14
Q

What does NAPDH do?

A

carries excited electrons from dep to indep reaction areas (thylakoids to stroma)

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15
Q

What does into and comes out of the granum?

A

water in

oxygen out

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16
Q

What goes into and comes out of the light-independent area?

A

carbon-dioxide in

glucose out

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16
Q

What goes into and comes out of the light-dependent area?

A

water in

oxygen out

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16
Q

ADP(+P) and NADPH+ travel from ________ to ________.

A

stroma to granum

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17
Q

ATP and NADPH travel from ________ to ________.

A

granum to stroma

17
Q

What goes into and comes out of the stroma?

A

carbon-dioxide in

glucose out

18
Q

What are the reactants in light-dependent reactions?

A

water, adp+p, nadp+

19
Q

What are the products in light-dependent reactions?

A

atp, nadph, oxygen

20
Q

What are the reactants in light-independent reactions?

A

atp, nadph, carbon-dioxide

21
Q

What are the products in light-independent reactions?

A

glucose, adp+p, nadp+

22
Q

What is the FIRST step of light-independent reactions?

A

rubp takes co2 from the air

23
Q

What is the SECOND step of light-independent reactions?

A

rearange co2 molecules into 3-carbon molecules

24
Q

What is the THIRD step of light-independent reactions?

A

some carbons are made into glucose

25
Q

What is the FOURTH step of light-independent reactions?

A

co2 is recycles into rubp

26
Q

What is cell respiration?

A

how orgranisms turn glucose into atp

27
Q

What are the three sets of reactions in cell respiration?

A
  • glycolysis
  • krebs cycle
  • electron transport chain
28
Q

What is the overall purpose of glycolysis?

A

to split glucose into two pyruvic acids

29
Q

Which cells do glycolysis? What trait allows this to be possible?

A

all of them - does not reqire o2

30
Q

What are the reactants and products of glycolysis?

A

reactants: glucose, 2 atp, 2 nad+, 4 adp+p
products: 2 pyruvic acids, 2 nadh, 4 atp, 2 h2o

31
Q

What is the purpose of the Krebs Cycle?

A

break pyruvic acid into co2

32
Q

What are the reactants and products of krebs cycle?

A

reactants: pyruvic acid, fad, nad+, adp+p
products, co2, fadh2 , nadh, atp

33
Q

What is sent to the etc after the krebs?

A

nadh + fadh2

34
Q

What does the electron transport chain do?

A

to move electrons given off of nadh + fadh2

35
Q

What stops the electron tc from getting clogged? how? what is the formula?

A
  • oxygen flowing around
  • takes extra electrons
  • o2 + 4h+ + 4e- > 2h2o
36
Q

What are the reactants and products of the ETC?

A

reactants: nadh, fadh2, o2, adp+p
products: atp, h2o, nad+, fad

37
Q

When does fermentation take place?

A

when there is no oxygen

38
Q

what are the 2 different types of fermentation?

A

alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation

39
Q

what are the reactcants of fermentation?

A

pyruvate + nadh

40
Q

what are the products of alcohol fermentation?

A

ethyl alcohol + co2 + nad+

41
Q

what are the products of lactic acid fermentation?

A

lactic acid + nad+

42
Q

where/when does alcohol fermentation occur?

A
  • in fungi and bacteria
43
Q

what does lactic acid fermentation do?

A
  • muscle cells do this when doing strenuous exercise
  • create debt in o2
  • enters blood and goes to liver where it is changed back to glucose

Honors Biology - Sandro (5 decks)

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