Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What are the four main organic macromolecules?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Question 2

What are the four main functional groups?

Answer 2

Hydroxyl, Carboxyl, Carbonyl, Amino

Question 3

Hydroxyl Group chemical structure

Answer 3

( -OH )

Question 4

Carboxyl Group chemical structure

Answer 4

H - O - C = O

Question 5

Amino Group chemical formula

Answer 5

( H - N - H )
( | )

Question 6

Monosaccharides include

Answer 6

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

Question 7

Carbonyl Group chemical formula

Answer 7

C = O

Question 8

Just carbon, hydrogen, and no double bonds ends in

Answer 8

-ane

Question 9

Carbon + Hydrogen prefixes

Answer 9

1. meth-
2. eth -
3. prop-
4. but-

Question 10

Carbohydrates include

Answer 10

sugars, starches, cellulose, chitin

Question 11

Lipids include

Answer 11

fats, oil, phospholipids, some hormones

Question 12

Proteins include

Answer 12

enzymes, structural proteins, hormones

Question 13

Nucleic Acids include

Answer 13

dna (deoxyribonucleic acid), rna (ribonucleic acid)

Question 14

Disaccharides include

Answer 14

Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose

Question 15

Sucrose is made up of

Answer 15

glucose + fructose (table sugar)

Question 16

Malstose is made up of

Answer 16

glucose + glucose (malt sugar)

Question 17

Lactose is made up of

Answer 17

glucose + galactose (milk sugar)

Question 18

Polysaccharides include

Answer 18

Chitin, Cellulose, Amylose, Glycogen

Question 19

Glycogen is associated with

Answer 19

Animal starch

Question 20

Amylose is associated with

Answer 20

Plant starch

Question 21

Cellulose is associated with

Answer 21

Plant cell walls

Question 22

Chitin is associated with

Answer 22

Fungal cell walls, insect exoskeletons

Question 23

What is DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS (dhsn)

Answer 23

Bonding 2 molecules covalently by removing a water molecule (-H & -OH).

Question 24

What makes a protein?

Answer 24

a strand of 100+ Amino Acids - joined by peptide bonds

Question 25

Amino Acid structure

Answer 25

it's really hard to make the structures on this site so look it up; or read my really complicated description: H - N - C - C - OH, N bonded downward to an H, first C bonded downward to an R and upward to an H, second C double-bonded upward to an O. ---- fmlkms

Question 26

how many different elements can fit into the "R" spot on an amino acid?

Answer 26

20

Question 27

When there are 2 peptide bonds on an amino acid, the acid is a ______________

Answer 27

dipeptide

Question 28

When there are more than 2 peptied bonds on an amino acid, the acid is a ______________

Answer 28

polypeptide

Question 29

Many monomers make up polymers. What monomer makes up polysaccharides?

Answer 29

monosaccarides

Question 30

Many monomers make up polymers. What monomer makes up proteins?

Answer 30

amino acids

Question 31

Many monomers make up polymers. What monomer makes up nucleic acids? (we did learn this)

Answer 31

nucleotides

Question 32

What makes up the lipid family?

Answer 32

fats (+ oils), phospholipids, steroids

Question 33

What fats store energies?

Answer 33

Triglicerides

Question 34

What is the Triglyceride Structural Formula?

Answer 34

look it up im not gonna type that but it's C30H56O6 + 3H2O ********aslo, the OH's are what get bonded in dehydration synth, from ALL 4 MOLECULES

Question 35

What do enzymes do in chemical reactions?

Answer 35

Reduce the activation energy, making the full reaction have less of a dramatic process.

Question 36

Saturated fats

Answer 36

no double bonds in fatty acids, SOLID a room temp. (remember, S-aturated + S-olid)

Question 37

Unsaturated fats

Answer 37

1+ double bonds in fatty acids, LIQUID at room temp.

Question 38

Enzymes are special ___________ that act as ___________

Answer 38

proteins; catalysts

Question 39

Where is an active site? What is its purpose?

Answer 39

On an enzyme; to break down particles inside of organisms.

Question 40

What is a substrate?

Answer 40

The name for reactants when dealing with enzymes. Brought to an active sight.

Question 41

How is enzyme activity changed?

Answer 41

pH, temperature, other enzymes (ex: competative inhabition)

Question 42

What is a peptide bond?

Answer 42

A special bond between 2 amino acids.

Question 43

What phospholipids make up?

Answer 43

Cell membranes

Question 44

Describe the parts on a phospholipid

Answer 44

Phosphate head with two fatty acid tails