Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Producers
- what do they do
- other names
- they can produce their own food
- photosynthesizing organisms
- known as autotrophs which means self-feeder
Consumers
- what do they do
- other names
- they feed off of other organisms
- non photosynthesizing organisms
- also known as heterotrophs
Photosynthesis
- what it uses
- by-products
- in photosynthesis, *chloroplasts in autotrophs convert solar energy into chemical energy and store this in other sugars and other carbohydrates.
- in the end, oxygen and some molecules of atp are the product as well as some heat
Cellular Respiration
- what it uses
- by products
- breakdown of chemical bonds to release energy
- mitochondria break down carbohydrates to generate molecules of ATP( adenosine triphosphate)
Adenosine Triphosphate
- atp is the source of all energy for organisms that do cellular activities
- branch of adenine and then attached to ribose (sugar), that is attached to 3 phosphates
- the third phosphate requires energy to hold on as phosphate is negatively charged (this is what provides energy)
Catabolic reactions
a reaction in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules and this releases energy
- ex: ATP —> ADP +P
Anabolic Reactions
a reaction in which smaller molecules are built into larger molecules, which requires energy
-ex : ADP+P —> ATP
Site of Photosynthesis: Chloroplasts
- what does it contain
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy —> C6H12O6 + O2
- a plant that does photosynthesis has about 40 - 200 chloroplasts
- chlorophyll is what makes something green
- chloroplasts are about 4 - 6 um in diameter and 1 - 5 um thick and bounded by an inner and outer membrane
the fluid area is called the stroma
stroma: contains chemicals and a mix of proteins
pancake like stacks is called the thylakoid and if they’re stacked up grana
** thylakoid:** absorb sunlight
( site of glucose production)
Site of Cellular Respiration: Mitochondria
the powerhouse of the cell, they produce the energy needed by the organism.
- bounded by two membranes
the liquid part is called the matrix
the “folds” is called the cristae
Redox Reaction
Reduction is when a compound gains an electron. Oxidization is when a compound loses an electron.
- happens at the same time because when one loses the other will take it
Reducing and Oxidizing Agent
a reducing agent is what causes the reduction of another substance by losing its electron so that oxidization takes place
in oxidization its reducing agent
an oxidizing agent is what gains electrons in chemical reactions
in reduction its oxidization agent
Light Dependent Reactions
- solar energy is trapped and used to generate ATP and NADPH
- sunlight is used to break down H2O by chlorophyll
happening on thylakoid
photosystem 2
by chlorophyll, water is broken down into hydrogen, carbon, and electron ions.
- electrons are moved along the electron transport chain, and each molecule takes some released energy to do some work. The work done by the ETC molecules is stored as potential energy while hydrogen ions are moved against the concentration gradient and into the thylakoid by active transport. at the same time, ATP synthase takes place, using energy from the proton gradient (kinetic energy of H+) to turn ADP into ATP (chemiosmosis)
photosystem 1
another breakdown of water will happen and the e- ion will be replaced. the electron will get a boost of energy from the sunlight and use it to reduce NADP+ into NADPH
the ATP and NADPH made will be used in the light-independent reactions
Light-Independent Reactions
happens after the makeup of ATP and NADPH
- this is also known as the CALVIN BENSON CYCLE when carbon dioxide is reduced and glucose is an outcome
Pigments in plants
- chlorophyll: green
A: yellow ish
B: blue-ish - xanthophylls: yellow
- carotenoids: reds
