Ecologys and their Diversity Flashcards

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1
Q

ecology

A

the study of living things and all the other factors around them in an ecosystem

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2
Q

ecosystems

A

refers to everything that affects an organism throughout its life
what the organism affects

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3
Q

what is a habitat

A

a natural home or environment of an organism, plant or animal

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4
Q

biotic

A

living
- density-dependent: depend on population size

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5
Q

abiotic

A

non-living or inanimate
- density-independent: dont depend on population size

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6
Q

what is a biosphere

A

the land air and water of earth
- all biomes on earth

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7
Q

what is a species

A

similar organisms that can breed and produce viable offspring

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8
Q

viable

A

can have their own kids

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9
Q

what is an individual

A

an organism from a specific species

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10
Q

what is a population

A

a population is a group of individuals of the same species

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11
Q

what is a community

A

all populations of habitat

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12
Q

ecologists

A

scientist who study the interactions of organisms with one another and their environment
- ex: individuals, populations and ecosystems

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13
Q

individual ecologists

A
  • studies the abiotic factors that can change an individuals behavior or physical features
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14
Q

population ecologists

A

describe changes in the size of a population, its abundance as time goes by
- why a population changes
what factors determine the relative numbers of males and females in a population

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15
Q

community ecologist

A

study interactions between the populations/species
> competition between individuals of the same or between species
> abiotic factors that affect the living conditions of populations that live there
- why some communities are more diverse
> competition between individuals of the same or in between species

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16
Q

communities are ____

A

dynamic
(constant change)

17
Q

Organization of the biosphere

A
  1. individuals
  2. population
  3. communities
  4. ecosystem
  5. biome
  6. biosphere
18
Q

Succession
- what is it
- how many

A

ecosystems aren’t static ( still )
theyre always changing

19
Q

first succession
1)
2)
3)
and example

A

starting from scratch
- little to no soil

pioneer species →→→→→→→climax community

1) pioneer species first to settle in an ecosystem( trees)
> soil fermentation
2) populations get replaced by diff. populations
3) most stable; slowest growing

ex) life after volcanic eruptions

20
Q

secondary succession
1)
2)
3)
and ex

A

there is soil present

      1. pioneer (grass)→→→→climax community
  1. different from 1 con
  2. populations get replaced by other populations
  3. most stable; slow growing

ex) forest fire(wildfire)

21
Q

Taxonomy

A

classifying living things

22
Q

taxonomy levels
Dope Kings Play Cards On Friday Generally Stone

A

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species(most exclusive)

  • the more levels you have the more closely related you are
23
Q

binomial nomenclature

A

the naming system in which the bottom two levels are used for naming
- genus and species

24
Q

Aristotle’s classifications

A
  1. plants and animals
    > kingdom plantae and kingdom animalia
  2. Animalae, Plantae, Protista
  3. Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea (← within those 3 domains there are 6 kingdoms of life)
25
Q

3 Domains

A

Archea
Bacteria
Eukarya

26
Q

6 Kingdoms

A

Archaea
Bacteria
Plantae (absorb, produce)
Animalia
Protists (microscopic organisms)
Fungi (heterotrophic, dont reproduce)

27
Q

dichotomous keys

A

arranged in steps with two statements per step to find out the species or name it if it hasnt been found

28
Q

what is range

A

total geographical area an organism can find a suitable habitat

29
Q

niche
- ecological niche

A

an organism’s role in its environment and its relationship with the ecosystem

30
Q

What does a species’ niche include

A

Habitat: where they live
Relationships: Its interactions with other species in the ecosystem
Nutrition: How it obtains food

31
Q

density

A

the number if individuals per unit of volume or area

32
Q

biodiversity

A

the variety of life in a habitat or ecosystem. The greater the biodiversity, the less competition there is for any niche

33
Q

what determines the distribution of populations is controlled by ___

A

limiting factors
- biotic and abiotic factors

34
Q

biotic limiting factors

A

symbiosis
- mutualism: both benefit
- commensalism: only one benefits but the other is unaffected
- parasitism: one benefits but the other is harmed

predator-prey

competition
interspecific and intraspecific

35
Q

interspecific and intraspecific

A

interspecific: competition between different species
intraspecific: competition between the same species

36
Q

abiotic limiting factors

A
  • habitat: physical location
    > climate and space
  • range: total geographic area an organism can find a suitable habitat
37
Q

estimating population size

A
  1. calculate total number size
    - add all data
  2. avg trees per section
    total / how many diff sections
  3. how many sections in forest
    calculate a section and then total area divided by one section
  4. estimation
    (avg tree per section ) (total sections)