photosynthesis and cell respiration

Question 1

glycolysis

Answer 1

occurs in cytoplasm: where glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid

Question 2

anaerobic respiration (fermentation)

Answer 2

• without oxygen
• where pyruvic acid is further broken down into alcohol and carbon dioxide
• also “Alcoholic Fermentation”
• occurs in cytoplasm

Question 3

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Answer 3

occurs in muscle cell after strenuous exercise, pyruvic acid is broken down into lactic acids and causes cramps

Question 4

net grain of anaerobic respiration

Answer 4

2 atp molecules

Question 5

Aerobic Respiration (Krebs Cycle)

Answer 5

• with oxygen
• occurs in mitochondria
• when oxygen is used to break down pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide, water, and 34 atp molecules

Question 6

ATP Yields

Answer 6

• as humans, cells perform both phases of cellular respiration to meet high energy needs (Aerobic 34 ATP)
• yeast and bacteria are small organisms that require less energy (Anaerobic 2 ATP)

Question 7

autotrophs

Answer 7

• organisms that can produce own food
• known as producers
• “self nourishers”
• ex: plants

Question 8

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Answer 8

compound that cells use to store and release energy

Question 9

ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)

Answer 9

looks like ATP but had one less phosphate and is like a rechargeable battery: adding another phosphate makes it fully charged

Question 10

Heterotrophs

Answer 10

• organisms that cant produce own food
• known as consumers
• “different”
• dependent upon autotrophs for energy
• ex: animals, fungus, some bacteria

Question 11

photosynthesis

Answer 11

light energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose in plants

• occurs in chloroplast
• 6H2O+6CO2–(sunlight)–>C6H12O6+6O2
• water+carbon dioxide–> glucose + oxygen

Question 12

grana

Answer 12

stacks of thylakoids that contain pigment chlorophyll and photosynthetic enzymes

Question 13

stoma

Answer 13

thick fluid that suspends grana

Question 14

light reaction

Answer 14

• occurs in grana
• chloroplast uses light energy to split water molecules (known as photolysis) into hydrogen and oxygen, oxygen gas is released into the atmosphere as a byproduct and ATP is formed

Question 15

dark reaction

Answer 15

• occurs in stoma
• carbon dioxide combined with hydrogen from split water molecule to form glucose, glucose stored in plant for use as energy

Question 16

cell respiration

Answer 16

process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen and occurs in mitochondria