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Biology A2 > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is photosynthesis ? 2

A
  • the physiological process by which plants convert light energy from sun light to chemical energy.
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2
Q

whats autotrophic nutrition ? 1

A
  • where the organism makes its own food
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3
Q

equation of photosynthesis ? 1

what else does it require- e…….?1

A
  • 6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight ———> C6H12O6 + 6O2

- require electrons

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4
Q

why is photosynthesis helpful towards the planet ?2

A
  • it is an example of carbon fixation , it takes in CO2 and also it releases O2
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5
Q

what is the respiration equation compared to the photosynthesis equation ? 1

A
  • the opposite way around
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6
Q

what is it called when in the plant , the respiration rate is equal to the photosynthetic rate? 1

A
  • compensation point
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7
Q

what are the two umbrella stages under photosynthesis ?

2

A
  • The Light dependant stage

- The light independent stage

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8
Q

what are the 4 parts of the LDS? 4

A

1-light harvesting in photosystems (PSI & PSII)
2-Photolysis of water
3-Photophosphorylation to produce ATP in presence of light
4-fromation of reduced NADP

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9
Q

What’s photolysis of water ?
where does it take place ?
2

A
  • splitting of water in the presence of light

- thylakoid membrane of PSII (p680)

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10
Q

whats the equation of the photolysis of water ? 1

A
  • 2H2O—> 4H+ + 4e- + O2
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11
Q

why’s water so important ?

4 points but 6 marks

A
  • keep plant turgid
  • produced protons needed for Photophosphorylation
  • electrons are used to replace the electrons in the chlorophyll which are lost when the light strikes
  • O2- used for respiration or diffuses out of the leaf
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12
Q

What’s Photophosphorylation ? 2

how many types ?

A
  • generation of ATP FROM ADP and Pi in the presence of light .
  • two types = cyclic and non cyclic
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13
Q

what’s the difference between cyclic and non cyclic photophosphorylation ?
2
SIMILARTITES ? 2

A
  • cyclic = only in PSI- produces ATP but only in smaller quantities than non cyclic
  • Non cyclic = in both PSI +; PSII , produces O2 , ATP and reduced NADP
  • BOTH involve iron containing proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane that accept and donate electrons from the electron transport system …
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14
Q

outline non cyclic phosphorylation ?

5

A
  1. photon is excited at p680
  2. 2H2O—–>4H+ + 4e- + O2
    water splits to replace the e- which was excited
    3.electrons travel down energy levels from PSII
  3. the energy released as electrons travel down transport chain pump H+ ions into the thylakoid lumen interior from the stroma
    5.proton gradient is created for the diffusion later on
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15
Q

what does cyclic photophosphorylation produce ? 1

A

-ATP

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16
Q

What does non cyclic photophosporylation produce ? 3

A
  • reduced Nadp
  • ATP
  • Oxygen
17
Q

why is it called the light independent stage ? 1

A
  • doesn’t use light energy
18
Q

what name is given to the series of reactions whereby CO2 is converted to organic molecules ? 1

A
  • Calvin Cycle
19
Q

what is the product of the calvin cycle ? 1

A
  • TP
20
Q

How many turns of the calvin cycle make one glucose molecule ? 1

A

-6 turns needed to make glucose (2xTP)

21
Q

what products are used from The light dependant stage in the calvin cycle …
2

A
  • NADPH

- ATP

22
Q

For every co2 fixed how many ATP are used to turn GP –> TP ? 2

A
  • for every CO2 fixed : 2 ATP are used

1: 2

23
Q

3 turns of the calvin cycle produces how many TP ?
How many are used to regenerate RuBp ?
2

A
  • 6xTP

- 5 are used to regenerate the RUBP

24
Q

How can we remember the calvin cycle ?
3 words - in hindi
NAME THE process that occur in the middle i.e. fixation etc
6

A

RuBy PaGAl ToPper
-starts with RUBY = RUBP ( 5 carbon sugar )
CO2 is added = FIXATION to make unstable 6 carbon compound —-> breaks down
-PaGAl :then GP is produced ( 2xGP = 2x3 carbon sugars )
REDUCTION (in biology means adding Hydrogen from NADPH—?NADP+ + Hydrogen )
-then ToPper : TP (2xTP)
REGENERATION occurs to form more RuBP.

25
Q

what enzyme catalyses carbon fixation in the Light Independent stage ?

A
  • RuBisCO
26
Q

what is the ratio of ATP and NADPH in reduction stage and Regeneration stage of Calvin cycle ?
3

A

Reduction -1CO2 : 2ATP used and 2 NADPH used

Regeneration : 1 ATP used

27
Q

How many ATP and NADPH are used in the formation of the glucose molecule
2

A 
6 turns of the Calvin cycle so :
-reduction : 6x2 = 12 ATP / 12 NADPH
-Regeneration : 6x1 = 6 ATP 
so ....
totals : 12 NADPH and 18 ATP
28
Q

whats the limiting factors of Photosynthesis :

A
  • CO2 conc
  • Temp
  • Light intensity

Biology A2 (9 decks)

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