Photosynthesis

Question 1

chloroplast

Answer 1

organelle in plant cells involved in harnessing light energy to build simple carbohydrates (sugars)

Question 2

stroma

Answer 2

fluid inside the inner chloroplast membrane but outside the thylakoid membrane. Contains chloroplast DNA, ribosomes, enzymes for calvin cycle (which takes place here)

Question 3

thylakoid

Answer 3

membrane-bound compartments in the stroma which contain everything involved in the light reactions (photosystems, electron transport chain components, ATP synthase)

Question 4

granum

Answer 4

a stack of thylakoid sacs

Question 5

lumen

Answer 5

fluid inside of the thylakoids

Question 6

pigment

Answer 6

a substance that absorbs some wavelengths of visible light and reflect others (ex. chlorophyll, carotenoids)

Question 7

stomata

Answer 7

openings on the surface of leaves that allow the passage of CO2 in and O2 out

Question 8

RUBISCO

Answer 8

enzyme that turns 3 CO2 and three RuBP (5C) molecules into 3 6-C molecules which are then broken down into 6 3-C molecules

Question 9

light

Answer 9

continuous spectrum of electromagnetic energy that travels as photons

Question 10

cyclic electron flow

Answer 10

only makes ATP; after passing through Fd, e- are routed back to the cytochrome complex
-occurs when there is an excess of NADPH in the cell

Question 11

electron transfer

Answer 11

a high energy electron from one atom is transferred to another atom in a nearby molecule

Question 12

electron acceptor

Answer 12

the molecule accepting electrons during electron transfer

Question 13

electron transport chain

Answer 13

a series of increasingly electronegative membrane proteins that are able to accept an electron and then pass it along to the next protein; each transfer releases energy that is used by the cell to power endergonic processes

Question 14

terminal electron acceptor

Answer 14

the final molecule in the electron transport chain that accepts the electron; it is the most electronegative and has the lowest gibbs free energy

Question 15

chemiosmosis

Answer 15

use of a proton gradient to power ATP synthesis by ATP synthase

Question 16

stomata

Answer 16

openings on the surface of leaves that allow the passage of CO2 in and O2 out

Question 17

carbon fixation

Answer 17

the process of transforming inorganic CO2 into high energy organic sugars

Question 18

RUBISCO

Answer 18

enzyme that catalyzes the carbon fixation step in the calvin cycle