Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Question 1

kinase

Answer 1

enzyme that transfers a covalently attached phosphate from ATP to substrate or from substrate to ADP

Question 2

isomerase

Answer 2

enzyme that creates an isomeric compound (includes mutases)

Question 3

dehydrogenase

Answer 3

enzyme that oxidized organic molecules; transfers 2H+ and 2 e_ from a substrate to an electron shuttle molecule (NAD+ or FAD)

Question 4

substrate-level phosphorylation

Answer 4

reaction in which an enzyme (kinase) removes a phosphate group from a high-energy organic substrate and attaches it to ADP, producing ATP

Question 5

oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 5

production of ATP by chemiosmosis, powered by energy produced during glucose oxidation

Question 6

regulation

Answer 6

process of adjusting, organizing and controlling the cell’s activities

Question 7

feedback inhibition

Answer 7

the end product of a pathway inhibits the enzyme that catalyzes an early step in the pathway, effectively turning the pathway off (ex. citrate inhibits phosphofrusctokinase)

Question 8

allosteric regulation

Answer 8

process by which enzyme activity is promoted or inhibited by the binding of a molecule (activator or inhibitor) to an allosteric site (somewhere other than the active site)

Question 9

terminal electron acceptor

Answer 9

the final destination of electrons transferred during metabolic reactions (ex. O2 in respiration or other characteristic organic molecules for fermentation)

Question 10

proton motive force

Answer 10

the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane that drives ATP synthesis activity