Photosynthesis

Question 1

Absorbed Light

Answer 1

Photons that have been used by photoautotrophs in order to carry out photosynthesis.

Question 2

ADP

Answer 2

Adenosine DiPhosphate: made up of ribose, an adenine, and two phosphate groups.

Question 3

ATP

Answer 3

Adenosine TriPhosphate: made up of ribose, an adenine, and three phosphate groups.

Question 4

ATP Synthase

Answer 4

A membrane protein that creates ATP by producing enough energy to add a phosphate group to ADP.

Question 5

Autotroph

Answer 5

An organism that is able to synthesize its own energy.

Question 6

C3 Plants

Answer 6

Plants that carry out “typical” photosynthesis.

Question 7

C4 Plants

Answer 7

Plants that carry out photosynthesis to prevent photorespiration; maintain a high internal CO2 concentration.

Question 8

CAM Plants

Answer 8

Plants that carry out photosynthesis to prevent loss of water while still producing sugar for energy.

Question 9

Carbon Fixation

Answer 9

The process of the rubisco enzyme attaching the carbon from CO2 to the 5-carbon molecule RUBP.

Question 10

Carotenoids

Answer 10

Mainly red, yellow, and orange pigments in a plant.

Question 11

Chlorophyll

Answer 11

A pigment in plants that absorbs photons of light to kick off the light reaction of photosynthesis.

Question 12

Chloroplast

Answer 12

An organelle in plant cells; the site of photosynthesis.

Question 13

Concentration Gradient

Answer 13

A difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

Question 14

Dark Reaction

Answer 14

The part of photosynthesis that occurs in the stroma and produces sugar.

Question 15

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Answer 15

The system of membrane proteins along the thylakoid membrane that transports electrons.

Question 16

Final Electron Acceptor

Answer 16

NADP+, or the molecule that accepts the electron after it has passed through the ETC.

Question 17

Food Chain

Answer 17

A network or system that shows how energy passes through an ecosystem.

Question 18

Food Web

Answer 18

A system that shows several food chains interlocking, displaying the transfer of energy in a larger ecosystem.

Question 19

Fossil Fuels

Answer 19

Materials that are burnt to produce energy; release CO2 when used.

Question 20

Global Warming

Answer 20

The theory that fossil fuels releasing CO2 and other greenhouse gases into the air is heating up the planet.

Question 21

Grana

Answer 21

Stacks of thylakoids in chloroplasts.

Question 22

Heterotroph

Answer 22

An organism that consumes other organisms in order to obtain energy.

Question 23

Hydrogen Ion

Answer 23

A hydrogen atom that has lost its electron, has a +1 charge.

Question 24

Light Reaction

Answer 24

The portion of photosynthesis that occurs along the thylakoid membranes and produced ATP and NADPH.

Question 25

Limiting Factor

Answer 25

The material or reactant that there is least of, thus making it the reactant that will limit the reaction's rate.

Question 26

NADP+

Answer 26

The final electron acceptor; accepts an electron to produce NADPH.

Question 27

NADPH

Answer 27

The molecule that is created when NADP+ accepts an electron in the light reaction.

Question 28

PGA

Answer 28

The primary 3-carbon molecule that is produced in the dark reaction of photosynthesis.

Question 29

PGAL

Answer 29

The secondary 3-carbon molecule that is produced in the dark reaction of photosynthesis when the bonds of PGA are rearranged using electrons from NADPH and energy from ATP.

Question 30

Phosphate Group

Answer 30

A common functional group that is found in both ADP and ATP. Energy is stored in the phosphate bonds.

Question 31

Photoautotroph

Answer 31

An autotroph that uses the process of photosynthesis to produce its own energy by using light energy from the sun.

Question 32

Photorespiration

Answer 32

When O2 is mistaken for CO2 in a plant during carbon fixation; halts photosynthesis and slows down its rate.

Question 33

Photosynthesis

Answer 33

The process by which plants and some other organisms produce glucose to store energy using water and CO2, in the presence of light energy from the sun.

Question 34

Photosystem 1

Answer 34

The second photosystem along the thylakoid membrane, where the ETC originally takes the electron.

Question 35

Photosystem 2

Answer 35

The first photosystem along the thylakoid membrane, where the electron is before a photon of light strikes it and it is excited into the ETC.

Question 36

Pigments

Answer 36

Materials in plants that reflect and absorb light, needed for photosynthesis.

Question 37

Primary Electron Acceptor

Answer 37

The first membrane protein in the ETC, accepts the electron after a photon of light strikes it in Photosystem 2.

Question 38

Primary Electron Donor

Answer 38

Water (H2O); the molecule that "donates" electrons for the light reaction of photosynthesis to occur.

Question 39

Reflected Light

Answer 39

Light that is not absorbed by a substance; the color that the substance looks.

Question 40

Rubisco

Answer 40

The enzyme that helps bind the carbon in CO2 to the 5-carbon molecule RUBP during the dark reaction of photosynthesis.

Question 41

RUBP

Answer 41

The 5-carbon molecule in the dark reaction of photosynthesis that is bonded to the carbon in CO2.

Question 42

Stomata

Answer 42

A pore in the leaf of a plant; allows water, CO2, and O2 to enter and escape.

Question 43

Stroma

Answer 43

The "cytoplasm" of the chloroplast.

Question 44

Thylakoid

Answer 44

A disc-shaped structure in the interior of a chloroplast, along which the light reaction of photosynthesis occurs.