Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Acetate
One of the products of the intermediate step of cellular respiration and one of the reactants of the Krebs cycle.
Acetyl CoA
The temporary molecule that is formed when coenzyme A binds with acetate to deliver it into the Krebs cycle
Aerobic Respiration
Respiration that requires the presence of oxygen to occur
Alveoli
The functional units of the lungs, which allow for gas exhange
Anaerobic Respiration
Respiration that occurs without the presence of oxygen
Aorta
The largest artery of the human body
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away/out of the heart and to either the lungs or body
Arterioles
The blood vessels that arteries branch into before becoming capillaries
ATP Synthase
The membrane protein that allows ATP to be synthesized while it spins to generate energy to bind ADP and P
Circulatory System
The body system that allows materials such as oxygen, wastes, and nutrients to be transported around the body
Cristae
The folds in the inner mitochondrial membrane
Coenzyme A
The coenzyme that binds with acetate in order to deliver it into the Krebs cycle from the intermediate step
Decomposition Reactions
Reactions that break down larger molecules and form smaller ones, while releasing energy from the bonds
ETC
Electron Transport Chain, the main step of producing ATP in cellular respiration
FAD
The oxidized form of the electron carrier FADH2
FADH2
An electron carrier that delivers electrons to the ETC in cellular respiration
Facultative Aerobe
An organism that can use either aerobic or anaerobic respiration to acquire energy based on the environment
Alcoholic Fermentation
A form of fermentation that produces ethanol in its process to produce NAD+ in order to continue Glycolysis and producing ATP
Lactic Acid Fermentation
A form of fermentation that produces lactate in its process to produce NAD+ in order to continue Glycolysis and producing ATP
Glycolysis
The first stage of cellular respiration, during which glucose is broken down into two pyruvate and NADH, as well as some ATP
Heart
The main organ of the circulatory system, which pumps blood around the body
Hemoglobin
The iron-rich substance in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in order to transport it
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
The innermost of two mitochondrial membranes, where the ETC of cellular respiration takes place
Intermembrane Space
The space in a mitochondrion between the two membranes
Krebs Cycle
The second stage of cellular respiration, during which electron carriers are produced to bring electrons to the third and final stage, the ETC
Kidneys
Two organs part of the excretory system that remove nitrogenous wastes in the blood
Larynx
The voice box in animals where sound can be produced, part of the respiratory system
Lungs
The two main organs of the respiratory system, which inflate and deflate while inhaling and exhaling
Matrix
The space inside of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
NAD+
The oxidized form of the electron carrier NADH
NADH
The primary electron donor of cellular respiration, namely the ETC
Nose
A part of the respiratory system, where air is first inhaled and last exhaled
Obligate Aerobes
Organisms that can’t survive long without oxygen, and perform only aerobic respiration
Obligate Anaerobes
Organisms that are poisoned by oxygen and perform only anaerobic respiration
Oxidation
The loss of electrons
Pharynx
A part of the respiratory system, the back of the throat
Pyruvate
The molecule of which two are produced during Glycolysis
Red Blood Cells
One component of the circulatory system, which carries oxygen by binding to it
Reduction
The gain of electrons
Synthesis Reactions
Reactions that build larger molecules from smaller ones, require input energy to form bonds
Trachea
A part of the respiratory system, the wind pipe, which carries air into the lungs
Urine
The liquid through which nitrogenous wastes are eliminated from the body
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood into the heart
Respiratory System
The body system that involves the taking in and releasing of various gases, mainly oxygen gas and carbon dioxide to fuel cellular processes
