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Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the term for the ability to perform work?

A

Energy

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2
Q

Animals that cannot make their own food are called?

A

Heterotrophs or consumers

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3
Q

Most organisms use an energy storage molecule called_________ ?

A

Adenosine triphosphate ATP

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4
Q

Light of different colors is different in_____ and ______

A

Wavelength and frequency

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5
Q

During photosynthesis, a reduction reaction ______ to a molecule.

A

Adds electrons

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6
Q

In order to reduce something what has to occur?

A

Oxidation

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7
Q

Oxidation is a process that makes a molecule lose what?

A

Electrons

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8
Q

Disk shaped structures with photosynthetic pigments are know as?

A

Thylakoids

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9
Q

The process by which autotrophs convert sunlight into energy is called?

A

Photosynthesis

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10
Q

A molecule that can absorb certain wavelengths and reflect others is a?

A

Pigment

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11
Q

What are the most common group of photosynthetic pigments in plants?

A

Chlorophyll

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12
Q

Stroma are gel like Matrix that surrounds the ?

A

Thylakoid

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13
Q

Photosynthesis occurs in two stages called?

A

Light reactions and dark reactions

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14
Q

Plants that use only the Calvin cycle for photosynthesis are called?

A

C3

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15
Q

What substances do autotrophs or producers use to make food?

A

Water, carbon dioxide, sunlight

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16
Q

The addition of an electron to an atom or a Molecule is called?

A

Reduction

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17
Q

The loss of an electron to an atom or a molecule is called?

A

Oxidation

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18
Q

Organisms that can produce their own food are called?

A

Autotrophs or producers

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19
Q

An important waste product of photosynthesis is?

A

Oxygen

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20
Q

Photosynthesis occurs in what organelle of plants and algae?

A

Chloroplast

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21
Q

The thylakoids are surrounded by a gel like matrix called?

A

Stroma

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22
Q

An object that absorbs all colors appears what color?

A

Black

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23
Q

What are the light collecting units of the chloroplast?

A

Thylakoid membrane

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24
Q

Carbon fixing reactions occur in a pathway called the?

A

Calvin cycle

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25
Q

Chlorophyll reflects and transmits what color?

A

Green

26
Q

An object that reflects all colors appears what color?

A

White

27
Q

Folded thylakoids that resemble stacks of pancakes are called?

A

Granum

28
Q

The pigments that absorb violet, blue, and red light are?

A

Chlorophyll A and B

29
Q

The enzyme that adds a phosphate group to ADP is?

A

ATP Synthase to form ATP

30
Q

What do we call the component colors of white light?

A

Visible spectrum

31
Q

What clusters of pigments are called

A

Photo systems

32
Q

A five carbon carbohydrate in the Calvin cycle

A

Ribulose Dyphosphate

33
Q

A three carbon molecule in the Calvin cycle

A

PGAL

34
Q

A series of linked chemical reactions is called a

A

Biochemical reaction

35
Q

The pigments that absorb blue and green light are called

A

Carotenoid

36
Q

The oxygen atoms in the oxygen gas produced in photosynthesis come from

A

Photo system 2

37
Q

Where does the energy required for the Calvin cycle originate?

A

From ATP and ADP produced by the light reactions

38
Q

Protons are move into the thylakoids using energy from

A

Electrons in a transport train

39
Q

At the end of photosystem 1 transport chain, electrons combine with To form

A

NADP+. NADPH

40
Q

Carbon atoms are fixed into organic compounds in the

A

Calvin cycle

41
Q

To produce the same amount of carbohydrate C4 plants require less________than C3 plants

A

Carbon dioxide

42
Q

Where in the chloroplast do the reactions of the Calvin cycle occur?

A

Stroma

43
Q

What product of the light reactions of photosynthesis is released and does not participate further in photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen

44
Q

Which environmental factor will cause a rapid decline in the photosynthesis rate if the factor rises above a certain level?

A

Light intensity and temperature

45
Q

Accessory pigments differ from chlorophyll A in that they are ___ directly _____involved in the ______of photosynthesis

A

Not. Light reactions

46
Q

Which of the colors absorbed by chlorophyll is least visible?

A

Blue

47
Q

What colors are the least absorbed but most seen?

A

Green and yellow

48
Q

What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism?

A

Catabolism breaks down and anabolism builds

49
Q

Explain the ecological pyramid

A

It starts with the producers that have 100% energy and then the pyramid goes up multiplying by 10. The primary consumers have 10%, the secondary 1% and the tertiary .1%

50
Q

The scientist who concluded that most of the mass of a plant came from water was who?

A

Van Helmont

51
Q

What is the photosynthesis formula ?

A

Sunlight+6CO2+6H2O=Sugars+ 6O2

52
Q

What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic?

A

Endothermic absorbs energy and is anabolic

Exothermic releases energy and is catabolic

53
Q

Describe light reactions

A

They require light to work. It reduces NADP+ to NADPH . Occurs in the thylakoid.Uses photo system 1 and 2. It oxidizes water. Creates ATP

54
Q

The electrons essential to the oxygen production process in the light reactions are taken from?

A

Water

55
Q

The energy stored by photosynthesis is released by?

A

Light reactions

56
Q

Where in the chloroplast do the light reactions take place?

A

Granum

57
Q

What is produced at the end of photosystem one

A

ATP and NADPH

58
Q

Where does the energy of the Calvin cycle come from?

A

ATP and NADPH

59
Q

Explain why water molecules are so important in photosynthesis

A

It’s the source of hydrogen for the sugars

60
Q

Explain dark reactions AKA Calvin cycle.

A

Requires ATP and NADPH from photosystem 1 which are used to reduce carbon. Occurs in the stroma. The output is fats carbs and proteins. Ribulose dyphosphate is recycled

Biology (3 decks)

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