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Respiration & organisms in theenvironment > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What substance in the chloroplasts absorbs sunlight

A

Chlorophyll

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2
Q

What is the photosynthesis equation

A

(+ light energy)

Carbon dioxide + water —————> glucose + oxygen

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3
Q

What 3 steps are involved in photosynthesis

A

1) Co2 is taken in by leaves, and water is taken up by the roots
2) The chlorophyll traps the light energy needed for photosynthesis
3) the energy is used to convert the co2 and water into glucose

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4
Q

What is released as a by-product of photosynthesis

A

Oxygen

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5
Q

What is some of the glucose produced into from photosynthesis

A

Insoluble starch for storage

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6
Q

How can you identify whether photosynthesis has taken place

A

Testing leaves with iodine solution should of blue black in the presence of starch

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7
Q

Which parts of a variegated leaf will go blue black with iodine solution

A

The bits with green patches as they contain the chlorophyll

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8
Q

Why would a lack of light limit photosynthesis

A

The light provides the energy required for the process to occur

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9
Q

Which organisms can photosynthesise?

A

Green plants and algae

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10
Q

Why may Coke weather limit photosynthesis

A

If it’s too cold the enzymes do not work effectively so slow the process down

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11
Q

How will co2 levels affect photosynthesis

A

Too little co2 will slow photosynthesis down; enclosed spaces eg in a greenhouse have little co2 on a sunny day where there is plenty of light but plants run out of co2

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12
Q

What is a limiting factor

A

A factor which puts a cap on the rate of photosynthesis

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13
Q

What is an independent variable

A

The one being controlled eg co2 concentration

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14
Q

What should you take into account when conducting experiments on how factors affect photosynthesis

A

You need to know which factor is being changed and which is controlled,if you want to investigate the effect of increasing co2 levels then you must be aware that other factors such as light limit the rate of photosynthesis

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15
Q

What is a depending variable

A

The one you measure, eg volume of oxygen produced

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16
Q

Which variables will need to be controlled if investigation co2 concentration and volume of oxygen produced

A

Light, temperature and the type of plant

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17
Q

What is the graph for co2 concentration against rate of photosynthesis

A

As co2 increases ROP increases but eventually another factor becomes the limiting factor

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18
Q

What does a graph of light intensity against ROP look like

A

As light intensity increases ROP increases

19
Q

What will a graph of temperature against ROP look like

A

As temp increases ROP increases until a certain point when the enzymes are destroyed and the reaction stops completely

20
Q

How may the soluble glucose produced from photosynthesis in plants be used

A

Converted into insoluble starch for storage
Used for reparation
Converted into fats and oils for storage
Used to produce cellulose which strengthens cell walls
Used to produce proteins

21
Q

What else do plant and algae cells also need a supply of? And for what?

A

Mineral ions such as nitrate ions in order to produce protein

22
Q

Where do plants get nitrate ions from?where do algae get nitrate ions from?

A

Soil Water they live in

23
Q

What do farmers have to evaluate when picking the best conditions for their plants to grow in

A

They have to evaluate the benefits of increased growth and the cost of heating and lighting or providing co2

24
Q

What can be constructed to grow plants in an enclosed space

A

Greenhouses and polytunnels

25
Q

What does a grower have to compare to test a greenhouse or polytunnels

A

The biomass of plants grown inside and out without the extra factors

26
Q

What factors must be controlled in a greenhouse to improve plant growth

A

Co2, temp, light

27
Q

How may temp affect distribution of organisms

A

Arctic plants are small which limits the number of plant eaters which can survive in the area

28
Q

How may availability of nutrients affect distribution

A

Most plants struggle to grow when mineral ions are in short supply and so few animals can survive in that area

29
Q

How may amount of light affect distribution of organisms

A

Few plants live on a forest floor because the light is blocked by the trees shaded plants often have bigger leaves so more chlorophyll

30
Q

How may availiabitliy of water affect distribution

A

Water is important for all organisms so few will live in a desert. If it rains in the desert then plant grow, produce flowers and seeds very quickly. There will be more food for animals

31
Q

How may availability of oxygen affect distribution

A

Water animals can be affected by lack of oxygen some invertebrates can live at very low oxygen levels, but most fish need high levels of oxygen dissolved in water

32
Q

How may availability of co2 affect distribution

A

Lack of co2 will affect plant growth and consequently the food available for animals

33
Q

How ça quantities data be obtained

A

Random quanta give sampling with a quadrat

Sampling along a transect

34
Q

What is a quadrat

A

A square frame which is subdivided into a grid

35
Q

When would a quadrat be useful

A

If you wanted to estimate the number of a certain plant in a whole field

36
Q

Why is sample size important?

A

In a large field enough quadrats must be placed to be representative of the whole field and is usually given as a mean per square

37
Q

When is it good to use a transect

A

Investigating the distribution between 2 points, physical factors can also be measured at each quadrat point

38
Q

What is a transect

A

A line marked between 2 point where a quadrat is placed at regular intervals to measure distribution

39
Q

What is a valid investigation

A

An investigation where all possible variables are controlled

40
Q

She is a measurement considered repeatable

A

When the same experimanter repeats the investigation using the same method and obtains the same results

41
Q

Why is it necessary to check that the result are reproducible

A

Bu using a different person, equipment you can see if you get the same results because an experimenter may make the same mistake over and over but still get the same results

42
Q

When is an experiment considered reproducible

A

If the experiment is reoeated by another person, or using different equipment or technique and the same results are obtained

43
Q

How can you make sure an investigation is valid

A

Only the independent variable should affect the results all other variables must be controlled

Respiration & organisms in theenvironment (4 decks)

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