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Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Chlorophyll is …

A

The light absorbing green colored pigment that begins the process.

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2
Q

Poryphyrin is …

A

The light absorbing portion of the chlorophyll molecule, containing a magnesium atom surrounded by a hydrocarbon ring.

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3
Q

What is the equation of photosynthesis ?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy —>C6H12O6 + 6O2

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4
Q

What is the primary function of leaves?

A

Photosynthesis

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5
Q

What percent of water is lost by plants ?

A

85%

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6
Q

What are the three stages of photosynthesis that occur in the chloroplast?

A

Capturing light energy, making ATP and synthesis of glucose and CO2

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7
Q

The first two stages of photosynthesis are called the …

A

Light reactions

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8
Q

Define Light reactions:

A

The first set if reactions that use light energy to energize electrons in the chlorophyll molecules, this powering chemiosmosis ATP synthesis and the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH.

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9
Q

What is the third stage ?

A

Carbon fixation

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10
Q

What is carbon fixation ?

A

The process of incorporating CO2 into carbohydrates.

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11
Q

What is the Calvin cycle ?

A

A cyclic set of reactions occurring in the stroma of the chloroplast that fixes the carbon of CO2 in to carbohydrate molecules and recycles the coenzymes.

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12
Q

What is ATP synthesis a result of ?

A

The reduction of NADP+ to NADPH

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13
Q

True or false: light reactions are needed for the dark reactions to occur.

A

True.

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14
Q

Define photons:

A

Electromagnetic radiation that is a form of energy that travels in wave packets.

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15
Q

Do photons with short wave lengths have high energy or low energy ?

A

High energy

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16
Q

When is light visible:

A

350nm –> 750 nm

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17
Q

Define photosystems:

A

Clusters if photosynthetic pigments in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts that absorbs light energy.

18
Q

Where are NADPH and ATP are synthesized ,

A

In the stroma.

19
Q

Why is chlorophyll A special?

A

The Only accessory pigment that is able to transfer the energy from the light to the carbon fixation reactions of the photosynthesis.

20
Q

Why is chlorophyll B important?

A

It absorbs the only the photons that chlorophyll A cannot absorb.

21
Q

What chlorophyll pigment will absorb caratenoids ?

A

Chlorophyll B

22
Q

Why is B carotene important?

A

It helps vertebrates see in low light situations.

23
Q

What set if reactions must bCarotene undergo to become usable ?

A

Carotene –> vitamin A –> oxidation –> retinal –> rhodopsin

24
Q

When do the light reactions commence ?

A

When the photons stakes the photosynthetic membrane.

25
Q

Define Photoexcitation:

A

The absorption of a photon by an electron of chlorophyll

26
Q

What structures are used in the light reactions ?

A

PC (plastocyanine), FD (feridoxin), PQ (Q cycle), photosystem 1, photosystem 2, B6-f complex, NADP reductase.

27
Q

Where are the photosystems located?

A

The thylakoid membrane.

28
Q

What is non cyclic electron flow?

A

The process in which energized electrons flow through the transport chain and reduce NADP+ to NADPH.

29
Q

How many stages are there in noncyclic electron flow ?

A

5 stages

30
Q

Describe stage 1 of noncyclic electron flow.

A

Photon strikes photosystem 2 and excited and electron. The electron is then transferred to an electron carrier called PQ. The transport system is similar to the one in cellular respiration.

31
Q

What occurs during stage two of non cyclic electron flow ?

A

The Z protein that splits water replaces the 2 electrons that were earlier lost by photosystem 2.

32
Q

What occurs in stage 3 of non cyclic electron flow?

A

Electrons that leave photosystem 2 pass through the Q cycle which transports protons from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen.

33
Q

Describe what occurs in stage 4 of noncyclic electron flow .

A

The electrons from photosystem two pass through another electron transport chain called ferredoxin. They then move into NADP reductase to then reduce NADP to NADPH.

34
Q

What occurs in the final stage of noncyclic electron flow ?

A

H+ protons accumulate in the thylakoid lumen creating an electro chemical gradient that drives te phosphorylation of ADP—>ATP

35
Q

What does does cyclic electron flow produce ?

A

ATP only.

36
Q

What is cyclic electron flow ?

A

A low of energized electrons that only produces ATP and only uses photosystem 1.

37
Q

What is the main goal of the Calvin cycle ?

A

The convert CO2 into carbs and it occurs in the stroma.

38
Q

What are the 3 phases of the Calvin cycle ?

A

Carbon fixation, reduction reactions and the regeneration of RuBP.

39
Q

If too much oxygen is present, the Calvin cycle cannot occur. What alternate solution occurs ?

A

The C4 pathway.

40
Q

Where does the C4 pathway take place ?

A

In the mesophyll.

Biology (6 decks)

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