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Biology > Homeostatis > Flashcards

Homeostatis Flashcards

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1
Q

Once there is ____ urine in the bladder, a signal is sent to the brain saying you need to pee.

A

400ml

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2
Q

What controls the release of urine?

A

The urinary sphincter

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3
Q

You lose voluntary control of urine once there is how much urine in the bladder ?

A

600ml

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4
Q

How big are the kidneys ?

A

0.5 kg

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5
Q

How much of the body’s blood do the kidneys hold at any given time?

A

25%

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6
Q

What are the three main sections of the kidneys?

A

The medulla, the cortex and the pelvis

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7
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidneys composed of ?

A

1 million slender tubules called NEPHRONS

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8
Q

What are afferent arterioles?

A

Arterioles that carry blood towards the glomerus ( high pressure capillar bed @ the filtration site )

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9
Q

What are efferent arterioles?

A

Small branches that carry the blood away from the glomerus and towards the capillary net.

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10
Q

Where does the blood enter the kidneys ?

A

Through the renal pelvis (high blood pressure as it is close to the aorta)

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11
Q

What happens during filtration ?

A

After the blood enters through the renal pelvis, the renal artery branches of into afferent arterioles and enters the glomerus, because of the high blood pressure, filtration is forced upon the blood through the capillary bed and then into bowmans capsul.

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12
Q

Where does reabsorption occur ?

A

Bowman’s capsul

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13
Q

What is the first step of the creation of urine ?

A

Epethial cells of bowmans capsul are permeable to water and small salts.

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14
Q

What is the second step of urine creation?

A

Efferent arterioles form nets over the proximal tubule this recovering small salts and water through the diffusion as well as other small molecules such as glucose and galactose.

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15
Q

What is the third step of urine creation?

A

H2O is removed from the filtrate in the descending column, thus increasing the concentration of the filtrate.

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16
Q

What is the 4th step in urine production ?

A

The ascending limb is impermeable to water but passes salts through active transport in the thick part.

17
Q

What is the 5th step in urine creation?

A

The distal tubule is responsible for the absorption of HCO3 thus it’s main role is to assure the maintenance of PH

18
Q

What is the 6th step in urine creation ?

A

The filtrate passes through the medulla one more time and the collecting duct.

19
Q

What are osmoreceptors?

A

The receptors that tell us that we are thirsty.

20
Q

What is ADH?

A

The hormone that increases water reabsorption.

21
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Increases the permeability to glucose as well as it’s uptake and it converts glucose to glycogen.

22
Q

What is glucagon?

A

It converts glycogen to glucose and imitates higher blood sugar.

23
Q

What does epinephrine do

A

It increases heart rate.

24
Q

Describe a steroid hormone.

A

Fat based- diffused from the capillaries to target cells to combine with the receptors.

25
Q

Describe a protein hormone.

A

Growth hormones- binds to a specific receptor site, formation of hormone (receptor complex), production of the hormone acetyl Cyclase, conversion of cell to ATP, cyclic AMP.

26
Q

What is the pituitary gland’s function ?

A

The master gland, the control of all endocrine glands. Used for the production / storage of all hormones.

27
Q

The posterior lobe of the pituitary is responsible for …

A

The storage of ADH, oxytocin and all hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

28
Q

What is the anterior love responsible for ?

A

Produces it’s own hormones, the hypothalamus stimulates the release of the hormones.

29
Q

Glucagon and insulin are antagonist pairs because they…

A

Are opposites, glucagon increases the blood sugar where as insulin e decreases the blood sugar.

30
Q

Where is epinephrine produced ?

A

The adrenal gland,

31
Q

The adrenal gland is controlled by ..

A

The sympathetic neurosystem.

32
Q

What does the thyroid gland regulate?

A

Metabolism and growth.

33
Q

How much of a thyroid’s net secretions are thyroxin ?

A

65%

Biology (6 decks)

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