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Biology 1 > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the process by which plants make their own food?

A

Photosynthesis

Takes place in the green parts of plants when it is light.

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2
Q

What substance is contained in chloroplasts that is essential for photosynthesis?

A

Chlorophyll

A green substance that absorbs light.

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3
Q

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O → (light) C6H12O6 + 6O2

Represents the transformation of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

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4
Q

Is photosynthesis an endothermic or exothermic reaction?

A

Endothermic

Requires input of energy from the environment.

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5
Q

What happens to the energy during photosynthesis?

A

Energy is transferred from the environment to the chloroplasts by light

More energy is absorbed than released.

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6
Q

What can glucose produced during photosynthesis be used for?

A

Immediate respiration or converted into insoluble starch for storage

Plants utilize glucose for energy or store it.

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7
Q

List three essential components needed for photosynthesis.

A
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Light
  • Water
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8
Q

What adaptation of leaves provides a big surface area for light?

A

Broad structure

Allows more light to fall on the leaf.

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9
Q

What is the significance of the thin structure of leaves?

A

Short diffusion distances for gases

Facilitates efficient gas exchange.

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10
Q

What role do veins play in leaves during photosynthesis?

A

Bring water in and remove products of photosynthesis

Xylem transports water; phloem transports glucose and oxygen.

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11
Q

What is the function of air spaces in leaves?

A

Allow carbon dioxide to get to cells and oxygen to leave by diffusion

Enhances gas exchange efficiency.

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12
Q

What do guard cells regulate in the leaves?

A

Open and close the stomata

Controls gas exchange.

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: Photosynthesis requires _______ for the reaction to occur.

A

Light

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14
Q

True or False: Photosynthesis can occur without chlorophyll.

A

False

Chlorophyll is essential for absorbing light.

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15
Q

What are the three essential components plants need for photosynthesis?

A

Light, warmth, and carbon dioxide

These components are necessary for optimal growth and photosynthesis in plants.

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16
Q

What are limiting factors in photosynthesis?

A

Conditions that can be in short supply and limit the amount of photosynthesis

Examples include light, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration.

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17
Q

What happens to photosynthesis when there is little or no light?

A

Photosynthesis will stop

This occurs regardless of other favorable conditions.

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18
Q

How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

The brighter the light, the faster the rate of photosynthesis

Adequate light is crucial for maximizing photosynthesis.

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19
Q

What effect does temperature have on photosynthesis?

A

As temperature rises, the rate of photosynthesis increases until enzymes are denatured around 40°C

Beyond this temperature, photosynthesis will decrease.

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20
Q

What is the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis?

A

Plants need carbon dioxide to make glucose

The atmosphere contains only 0.04% carbon dioxide, which can limit photosynthesis.

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21
Q

How can carbon dioxide concentration affect photosynthesis in controlled environments?

A

Increasing carbon dioxide concentration can increase the rate of photosynthesis

This is often done in labs or greenhouses.

22
Q

What is the relationship between light intensity and distance from the light source?

A

Light intensity decreases as the distance from the light increases

This relationship is described by the inverse square law.

23
Q

What is the formula that describes the inverse relationship between light intensity and distance?

A

Light intensity oc 1/distance^2

This indicates that light intensity decreases in inverse proportion to the square of the distance.

24
Q

What happens if there is a limited amount of chlorophyll in a plant?

A

Less photosynthesis will take place

Insufficient minerals, especially magnesium, can limit chlorophyll production.

25
Fill in the blank: The atmosphere contains only _______ carbon dioxide, which often limits the rate of photosynthesis.
0.04% ## Footnote This low concentration can restrict the photosynthetic process.
26
True or False: Increasing temperature always increases the rate of photosynthesis.
False ## Footnote High temperatures can denature enzymes, reducing photosynthesis.
27
How do plant cells use glucose?
Plant cells respire all the time and use glucose produced during photosynthesis for energy. ## Footnote The glucose is broken down using oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water as waste products.
28
What is the relationship between respiration and photosynthesis?
Respiration is the reverse of photosynthesis. ## Footnote This means that the processes involve the conversion of glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
29
What is cellulose used for in plants?
Cellulose is used to strengthen cell walls. ## Footnote It is built from glucose molecules through respiration.
30
Why do plants convert glucose into starch?
Glucose is converted into starch for storage. ## Footnote Starch is insoluble in water, preventing disruption of water balance in plant cells.
31
Where is starch stored in plants?
Starch is stored in various cells throughout the plant, particularly in leaves and special storage areas like tubers and bulbs. ## Footnote This provides an energy reserve for times when light is low or during winter.
32
How do plants use nitrates?
Plants use nitrates to make amino acids by combining sugars with nitrate ions and other minerals. ## Footnote Amino acids are then built into proteins used in plant cells.
33
What is the role of proteins in plants?
Proteins are used in plant cells for various functions, including as enzymes. ## Footnote The production of proteins requires energy from respiration.
34
What challenges do plants face in low-nutrient soils?
Very few plants can survive in low mineral soils, such as bogs, due to nutrient scarcity. ## Footnote Bogs have wet, peaty soil that lacks nutrients necessary for plant growth.
35
How do carnivorous plants obtain nutrients?
Carnivorous plants obtain nutrients primarily from animals they catch. ## Footnote They adapt to nitrate-poor soils by digesting prey to access necessary minerals.
36
What is the purpose of lipids in plants?
Lipids are built from glucose and energy from respiration for energy storage and to strengthen cell walls. ## Footnote They are also stored in seeds to provide energy for germinating plants.
37
Fill in the blank: Glucose from photosynthesis can be used to make _______.
amino acids
38
What is the relationship between photosynthesis and biomass?
The more photosynthesis takes place, the more biomass it makes and the faster it grows.
39
What do farmers do to enhance the growth of their plants?
Farmers artificially manipulate the environment of their plants.
40
What is the primary benefit of using a greenhouse?
The atmosphere is warmer inside than out, affecting the rate of photosynthesis.
41
How do commercial greenhouses optimize photosynthesis?
They control temperature, light levels, and carbon dioxide.
42
What is hydroponics?
A system where plants are grown in water with a perfect balance of nutrients instead of soil.
43
List three advantages of using commercial greenhouses.
* Can grow more crops * Controlled by computer software * Crops are clean and soil-free
44
What are some disadvantages of commercial greenhouses?
* Very expensive * Takes a lot of planning * Expensive monitoring equipment needed
45
True or False: Crops grown in greenhouses require more staff than traditional farming.
False
46
What is one major consideration when deciding on an enclosed system for farming?
The increased income from a larger crop must be balanced against setup and maintenance costs.
47
Fill in the blank: The time from seed to harvest is a lot ______ in a greenhouse.
shorter
48
What is one benefit of growing crops in conditions where the land is poor?
Crops can be grown where the land is poor.
49
What happens if conditions inside the greenhouse go wrong?
Alarms are vital if things go wrong.
50
How does the use of computer software benefit greenhouse management?
It allows for automatic control of conditions.
51
What is a key factor in determining if an enclosed system will be profitable?
The size of the business and crop yield.

Biology 1 (9 decks)

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