Photosynthesis

Question 1

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 1

Making organic molecules using light

Question 2

What is the first stage of photosynthesis?

Answer 2

Light reactions

Question 3

What is the second stage of photosynthesis?

Answer 3

The Calvin cycle

Question 4

What are the three membranes of a chloroplast?

Answer 4

Outer, Inner, Thylakoid

Question 5

What are the three compartments of a chloroplast?

Answer 5

Intermembrane space, Stroma, Thylakoid space

Question 6

Where do light reactions take place in the cholorplast?

Answer 6

The thylakoid membrane

Question 7

Where does carbon fixation occur in the chloroplast?

Answer 7

The stroma

Question 8

What are the protein complexes that contain chlorophyl called?

Answer 8

Photosystems

Question 9

What does the chlorophyl in the photosystems convert the light energy it captures into?

Answer 9

Chemical energy (high energy electrons)

Question 10

What chain do the high energy electrons move through to produce ATP?

Answer 10

The electron transport chain

Question 11

What do light reactions do overall?

Answer 11

Split the water molecules, produce oxygen, ATP and NADPH

Question 12

What molecules are used in the Calvin cycle to fix CO2 and produce carbohydrate?

Answer 12

ATP and NADPH

Question 13

What are the three steps in the calvin cycle?

Answer 13

Fixation, Reduction, Regeneration

Question 14

What happens in fixation

Answer 14

3x5 Carbon molecules + 3CO2 break up the carbon molecules into 6x3 carbon molecules

Question 15

What happens in reduction

Answer 15

6x3 carbon molecules converted into a different type of 3 carbon molecule

Question 16

What happens in regeneration

Answer 16

(1x3 carbon molecules leaves the cycle) then converting the remaining 5x3 carbon molecules to 3x5 carbon molecules

Question 17

What is the output of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 17

3 carbon sugar that when combined with another 3 carbon sugar is converted to glucose

Question 18

What is the ATP and NADPH that is produced in the light reactions used for?

Answer 18

To fix CO2 and produce carbohydrate. The ATP and NADPH from the light reactions are only used in the Calvin cycle

Question 19

What are the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis?

Answer 19

Inputs: Light, Water, Carbon
Outputs: Glucose, Oxygen

Question 20

What are the differences/similarities between animals and plants in how they get glucose?

Answer 20

Animals must have an external source, plants generate it during photosynthesis. Both then break it down during respiration to produce ATP

Question 21

What enzyme generates ATP in both plants and animals?

Answer 21

ATP synthase (during both respiration and photosynthesis)

Question 22

Are ribosomes able to make some proteins?

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

What do we think the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria is at the moment?

Answer 23

A cell folded in to create the nucleus, then it engulfed some aerobic bacterium (which turned into mitochondria) and then it engulfed some photosynthetic bacterium (which has plastids which are chloroplasts).