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CELS191 > Diversity of Life > Flashcards

Diversity of Life Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of life?

A

Cellular organisation, Reproduction, Metabolism, Homeostasis, Heredity, Response to Stimuli, Growth and Development, Adaption through Evolution

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2
Q

What are the requirements for natural selection?

A

Variation, Inheritance, Selection, Time

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3
Q

What are the three domains for the origin of life?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya.

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4
Q

What domain of life do humans fit into?

A

Eukarya

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5
Q

What is the difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells?

A

Eykaryotes have membrane enclosed cell organelles.

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6
Q

The building blocks are:

A

amino acids, nucleotides, simple carbohydrates, glycerol, fatty acids, hydrocarbon rings

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7
Q

The macromolecules are:

A

proteins, nucleic acids (DNA & RNA), polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates), lipids

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8
Q

The supramolecular assemblies are:

A

membranes, ribosomes, chromatin

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9
Q

The organelles are:

A

nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi, Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

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10
Q

What are the higher order structures that make up biological molecules

A

Building blocks, macromolecules, supramolecular assemblies, organelles

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11
Q

What are macromolecules?

A

Organic biological molecules that are necessary for life. It is a polymer of building blocks. However, there are some that are just big things not made of smaller building blocks

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12
Q

What are the four levels of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccarides, Disacchariedes, Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides

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13
Q

Monosaccharides and Disaccharides have examples such as…

A

Sugar

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14
Q

What are the two types of monosaccharides?

A

Hexose Monosaccharides and Pentose Monosaccharides

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15
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

The single unit building blocks of carbohydrates

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16
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

Two monosaccharides joined together

17
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

More than 10 monosaccharides joined together

18
Q

What are oligosaccharides?

A

3-10 monosaccharides linked together

19
Q

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

A

Recognition, Energy Storage, Structure

20
Q

What can carbohydrates recognise?

A

Bacterium, Antibodies, Other Cells, Toxin, Proteins, Virus’s

21
Q

Cellulose is what?

A

A plant carbohydrate that provides structure

22
Q

How many rings does a purine base have?

A

2

23
Q

How many rings does a pyrimidine have?

A

1

24
Q

What makes up a nucleotide?

A

Base, Phosphate and Ribose sugar

25
Q

What are the common bases in DNA

A

Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

26
Q

What are the common bases in RNA

A

Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

27
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20

28
Q

Proteins are polymers of what?

A

Amino Acids

29
Q

Proteins are what?

A

Molecules by which cells perform their functions in the whole organism

30
Q

What does an amino acid look like structurally?

A

Amine (NH2), Carboxylic acid (CHOOH), a Hydrogen and R group (the thing that makes the 20 amino acids different) all around a central carbon atom

31
Q

What is the function of macromolecules in our body?

A

To do things (the doers, action molecules). However, not all of them move to do their fuction. Like a table, it has a role but can be stationary to do it.

32
Q

Proteins perform a wide variety of biological functions. What are they? There’s 8.

A

Structural, Regulatory, Contractile, Trasport, Storage, Protective, Catalytic, Toxic.

33
Q

What defines a Lipid?

A

It is hydrophobic (does NOT mix with water), Heterogenous and NOT a polymer.
They also have a big and chunky shape (but that’s not a defining trait)

34
Q

What are the functions of lipids?

A

Structural, Regulatory, Energy.

35
Q

What are the two types of lipids

A

Fats and oils. They are the energy

36
Q

What are two energy storage polysaccharides?

A

Starch and Glycogen

37
Q

Glycogen is a carbohydrate for who?

A

Animals

38
Q

Which lipid(s) can be found in cell membranes

A

Phospholipid and Cholestrol

CELS191 (35 decks)

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