Diversity of Life Flashcards
What are the characteristics of life?
Cellular organisation, Reproduction, Metabolism, Homeostasis, Heredity, Response to Stimuli, Growth and Development, Adaption through Evolution
What are the requirements for natural selection?
Variation, Inheritance, Selection, Time
What are the three domains for the origin of life?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya.
What domain of life do humans fit into?
Eukarya
What is the difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells?
Eykaryotes have membrane enclosed cell organelles.
The building blocks are:
amino acids, nucleotides, simple carbohydrates, glycerol, fatty acids, hydrocarbon rings
The macromolecules are:
proteins, nucleic acids (DNA & RNA), polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates), lipids
The supramolecular assemblies are:
membranes, ribosomes, chromatin
The organelles are:
nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi, Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
What are the higher order structures that make up biological molecules
Building blocks, macromolecules, supramolecular assemblies, organelles
What are macromolecules?
Organic biological molecules that are necessary for life. It is a polymer of building blocks. However, there are some that are just big things not made of smaller building blocks
What are the four levels of carbohydrates
Monosaccarides, Disacchariedes, Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides and Disaccharides have examples such as…
Sugar
What are the two types of monosaccharides?
Hexose Monosaccharides and Pentose Monosaccharides
What are monosaccharides?
The single unit building blocks of carbohydrates
What are disaccharides?
Two monosaccharides joined together
What are polysaccharides?
More than 10 monosaccharides joined together
What are oligosaccharides?
3-10 monosaccharides linked together
What are the functions of carbohydrates?
Recognition, Energy Storage, Structure
What can carbohydrates recognise?
Bacterium, Antibodies, Other Cells, Toxin, Proteins, Virus’s
Cellulose is what?
A plant carbohydrate that provides structure
How many rings does a purine base have?
2
How many rings does a pyrimidine have?
1
What makes up a nucleotide?
Base, Phosphate and Ribose sugar
What are the common bases in DNA
Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
What are the common bases in RNA
Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
How many amino acids are there?
20
Proteins are polymers of what?
Amino Acids
Proteins are what?
Molecules by which cells perform their functions in the whole organism
What does an amino acid look like structurally?
Amine (NH2), Carboxylic acid (CHOOH), a Hydrogen and R group (the thing that makes the 20 amino acids different) all around a central carbon atom
What is the function of macromolecules in our body?
To do things (the doers, action molecules). However, not all of them move to do their fuction. Like a table, it has a role but can be stationary to do it.
Proteins perform a wide variety of biological functions. What are they? There’s 8.
Structural, Regulatory, Contractile, Trasport, Storage, Protective, Catalytic, Toxic.
What defines a Lipid?
It is hydrophobic (does NOT mix with water), Heterogenous and NOT a polymer.
They also have a big and chunky shape (but that’s not a defining trait)
What are the functions of lipids?
Structural, Regulatory, Energy.
What are the two types of lipids
Fats and oils. They are the energy
What are two energy storage polysaccharides?
Starch and Glycogen
Glycogen is a carbohydrate for who?
Animals
Which lipid(s) can be found in cell membranes
Phospholipid and Cholestrol
