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General Physiology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

In the 16th century, […] concluded that water was the source of a plant’s increased mass

A

Jan Baptista Van Helmont

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2
Q

[…] observed that plants exposed to sunlight released a gas that could relight a burning candle, which we now know as oxygen

A

Joseph Priestley

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3
Q

The elements needed by a plant to survive

A

CHONPS

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4
Q

The structure of chloroplasts

A
  • double membrane
  • stroma
  • thylakoid sacs
  • grana stacks
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5
Q

The photosynthetic tissues are located between the […] and are identified as […]

A
  • two epidermal layers
  • mesophyll tissues
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6
Q

The upper photosynthetic tissue consists of 1-3 layers of […]

A

palisade mesophyll cells

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7
Q

[…] are elongated, cylindrical cells with the long axis perpendicular to the surface of the leaf

A

Palisade cells

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8
Q

The lower photosynthetic tissue is called the […]

A

spongy mesophyll

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9
Q

The spectrum of wavelengths emitted by light

A

Electromagnetic Spectrum

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10
Q

The electromagnetic spectrum wavelength of visible light

A

10^3 nm

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11
Q

Chloroplasts are green because they absorb light wavelengths in […] and […], and reflect […]

A

-red
- blue
- green

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12
Q

[…] is the dominant pigment in plants which absorbs best red & blue and least green

A

Chlorophyll A

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13
Q

In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted into […] and […]

A
  • glucose
  • oxygen
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14
Q

The net chemical equation of photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O > C6H12O6 + 6O2

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15
Q

The reactions that synthesize glucose occurs in the […]

A

stroma

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16
Q

The light-dependent reactions occur in the […]

A

thylakoids

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17
Q

A photosynthetic pathway that converts solar energy into chemical energy

A

Light Reactions

18
Q

A photosynthetic pathway that uses chemical energy to reduce carbon dioxide to build sugars

A

Calvin Cycle

19
Q

Light-gathering antenna complex in the thylakoid membranes

A

Photosystems

20
Q

A photosystem that contains chlorophyll b and absorbs 700nm wavelength red light

A

Photosystem I

21
Q

A photosystem that contains chlorophyll a and absorbs 680nm wavelength red light

A

Photosystem II

22
Q

The key to photosynthetic electron transport chain is the presence of two large, multimolecular, pigment-protein complexes known as […] and […]

A
  • Photosystem I
  • Photosystem II
23
Q

The two photosystems operate in series linked by a third multiprotein aggregate called the […]

A

cytochrome complex

24
Q

The effect of the electron transport chain is to extract low-energy electrons from water and, using light energy, raise their energy level to produce a strong reductant, […]

A

NADPH

25
Q

The bulk of the chlorophyll in the photosystem functions as […]

A

antenna chlorophyll

26
Q

The core antenna for photosystem II consists of two chlorophyll proteins known as […] and […]

A
  • CP43
  • CP47
27
Q

The two CP complexes in the core antenna of photosystem II each contain […] molecules of chlorophyll a

A

20-25

28
Q

The site of the primary photochemical redox reaction

A

reaction center chlorophyll a

29
Q

Excitation energy is required to change the redox potential of P680 from […] eV to […] eV

A
  • +0.8
  • -0.4
30
Q

Which photosystem oxidizes water to produce oxygen?

A

Photosystem II

31
Q

The role of the reaction proteins, […] & […], is to bind and to orient specific redox carriers of the PSII reaction center to decrease the probability of charge recombination between P680+ and Pheo-

A
  • D1
  • D2
32
Q

The process of moving hydrogen ions from the thylakoid space to the stroma to produce ATP

A

Chemiosmosis

33
Q

The 2 mobile electron carriers in the chloroplast electron transport chain

A
  • plastoquinone
  • plastocyanine
34
Q

A protein in the thylakoid membrane that carries electrons from PSI to NADP reductase

A

Ferredoxin

35
Q

An enzyme in the thylakoid membrane that transfers electrons between the two photosystems and generates a concentration gradient across the thylakoid membrane

A

Cytochrome b6f complex

36
Q

An enzyme that reduces NADP+ into NADPH using the electrons from ferredoxin

A

NADP Reductase

37
Q

An enzyme that uses hydrogen ions to drive the conversion of ADP and P into ATP

A

ATP Synthase

38
Q

The 3 parts of the Calvin Cycle

A
  1. Fixation of CO2
  2. Reduction of PGA to G3P
  3. Regeneration of RuBP from G3P
39
Q

What happens during carbon fixation in Calvin Cycle?

A

CO2 reacts with RuBP, catalyzed by Rubisco, to form PGA (3-phosphyglycerate)

40
Q

What happens during the reduction of PGA to G3P in Calvin Cycle?

A
  • ATP phosphorylates PGA, catalyzed by PGA kinase, to form 1,3-biphosphoglycerate
  • NADPH reduces 1,3-biphosphoglycerate, catalyzed by G3P dehydrogenase, to form G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)
  • 1 G3P molecule exits the cycle to form sugars
41
Q

What happens during the regeneration of RuBP from G3P in Calvin Cycle?

A
  • The 5 G3P forms RuBP
  • The cycle restarts

General Physiology (4 decks)

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