Photosynthesis

Question 1

In the 16th century, […] concluded that water was the source of a plant’s increased mass

Answer 1

Jan Baptista Van Helmont

Question 2

[…] observed that plants exposed to sunlight released a gas that could relight a burning candle, which we now know as oxygen

Answer 2

Joseph Priestley

Question 3

The elements needed by a plant to survive

Answer 3

CHONPS

Question 4

The structure of chloroplasts

Answer 4

• double membrane
• stroma
• thylakoid sacs
• grana stacks

Question 5

The photosynthetic tissues are located between the […] and are identified as […]

Answer 5

• two epidermal layers
• mesophyll tissues

Question 6

The upper photosynthetic tissue consists of 1-3 layers of […]

Answer 6

palisade mesophyll cells

Question 7

[…] are elongated, cylindrical cells with the long axis perpendicular to the surface of the leaf

Answer 7

Palisade cells

Question 8

The lower photosynthetic tissue is called the […]

Answer 8

spongy mesophyll

Question 9

The spectrum of wavelengths emitted by light

Answer 9

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Question 10

The electromagnetic spectrum wavelength of visible light

Answer 10

10^3 nm

Question 11

Chloroplasts are green because they absorb light wavelengths in […] and […], and reflect […]

Answer 11

-red
- blue
- green

Question 12

[…] is the dominant pigment in plants which absorbs best red & blue and least green

Answer 12

Chlorophyll A

Question 13

In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted into […] and […]

Answer 13

• glucose
• oxygen

Question 14

The net chemical equation of photosynthesis

Answer 14

6CO2 + 6H2O > C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 15

The reactions that synthesize glucose occurs in the […]

Answer 15

stroma

Question 16

The light-dependent reactions occur in the […]

Answer 16

thylakoids

Question 17

A photosynthetic pathway that converts solar energy into chemical energy

Answer 17

Light Reactions

Question 18

A photosynthetic pathway that uses chemical energy to reduce carbon dioxide to build sugars

Answer 18

Calvin Cycle

Question 19

Light-gathering antenna complex in the thylakoid membranes

Answer 19

Photosystems

Question 20

A photosystem that contains chlorophyll b and absorbs 700nm wavelength red light

Answer 20

Photosystem I

Question 21

A photosystem that contains chlorophyll a and absorbs 680nm wavelength red light

Answer 21

Photosystem II

Question 22

The key to photosynthetic electron transport chain is the presence of two large, multimolecular, pigment-protein complexes known as […] and […]

Answer 22

• Photosystem I
• Photosystem II

Question 23

The two photosystems operate in series linked by a third multiprotein aggregate called the […]

Answer 23

cytochrome complex

Question 24

The effect of the electron transport chain is to extract low-energy electrons from water and, using light energy, raise their energy level to produce a strong reductant, […]

Answer 24

NADPH

Question 25

The bulk of the chlorophyll in the photosystem functions as [...]

Answer 25

antenna chlorophyll

Question 26

The core antenna for photosystem II consists of two chlorophyll proteins known as [...] and [...]

Answer 26

- CP43 - CP47

Question 27

The two CP complexes in the core antenna of photosystem II each contain [...] molecules of chlorophyll a

Answer 27

20-25

Question 28

The site of the primary photochemical redox reaction

Answer 28

reaction center chlorophyll a

Question 29

Excitation energy is required to change the redox potential of P680 from [...] eV to [...] eV

Answer 29

- +0.8 - -0.4

Question 30

Which photosystem oxidizes water to produce oxygen?

Answer 30

Photosystem II

Question 31

The role of the reaction proteins, [...] & [...], is to bind and to orient specific redox carriers of the PSII reaction center to decrease the probability of charge recombination between P680+ and Pheo-

Answer 31

- D1 - D2

Question 32

The process of moving hydrogen ions from the thylakoid space to the stroma to produce ATP

Answer 32

Chemiosmosis

Question 33

The 2 mobile electron carriers in the chloroplast electron transport chain

Answer 33

- plastoquinone - plastocyanine

Question 34

A protein in the thylakoid membrane that carries electrons from PSI to NADP reductase

Answer 34

Ferredoxin

Question 35

An enzyme in the thylakoid membrane that transfers electrons between the two photosystems and generates a concentration gradient across the thylakoid membrane

Answer 35

Cytochrome b6f complex

Question 36

An enzyme that reduces NADP+ into NADPH using the electrons from ferredoxin

Answer 36

NADP Reductase

Question 37

An enzyme that uses hydrogen ions to drive the conversion of ADP and P into ATP

Answer 37

ATP Synthase

Question 38

The 3 parts of the Calvin Cycle

Answer 38

1. Fixation of CO2 2. Reduction of PGA to G3P 3. Regeneration of RuBP from G3P

Question 39

What happens during carbon fixation in Calvin Cycle?

Answer 39

CO2 reacts with RuBP, catalyzed by Rubisco, to form PGA (3-phosphyglycerate)

Question 40

What happens during the reduction of PGA to G3P in Calvin Cycle?

Answer 40

- ATP phosphorylates PGA, catalyzed by PGA kinase, to form 1,3-biphosphoglycerate - NADPH reduces 1,3-biphosphoglycerate, catalyzed by G3P dehydrogenase, to form G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) - 1 G3P molecule exits the cycle to form sugars

Question 41

What happens during the regeneration of RuBP from G3P in Calvin Cycle?

Answer 41

- The 5 G3P forms RuBP - The cycle restarts