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Year 2 OCR A-Level Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s the similarities of the respiration equation and photosynthesis reaction

A

The are the reverse of one another

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2
Q

What’s the chemical formula reaction of photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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3
Q

What’s the word equation for photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen

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4
Q

What type of reaction is photosynthesis

A

Endothermic reduction reaction

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5
Q

What is a Autotroph and an example

A

Producer , plants

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6
Q

What is a heterotroph and an example

A

Consumer , animal( humans )

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7
Q

What’s a saprotroph

A

Decomposer

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8
Q

What’s the compenSation point

A

Where photosynthesis and respiration rates are the same

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9
Q

How does low light intensity effect respiration rates

A

Low light intensity , can’t take up allot of CO2 , not allot of photosynthesis = respiration higher

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10
Q

Why is it important to have lots of different pigments in chloroplasts

A

To absorb different light wavelengths

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11
Q

Why does chlorophyll give a green. Colour

A

It absorbs all light wavelengths but reflects green

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12
Q

What pigments can be found in chloroplasts

A

Chlorophyll A
Chlorophyll B
Xanthophylls
Carotenoids

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13
Q

What’s the light harvesting system and reaction centre are collectively known as ?

A

The photo system

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14
Q

What are the 2 stages of photosynthesis

A

Light dependant stage
Light independent stage

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15
Q

In light dependant stage of photosynthesis what are the 2 reactions

A

Cyclic
Non cyclic

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16
Q

What does the cyclic photo phosphorylation stage include and what does it produce

A

PSII

ATP , oxygen , hydrogen ions

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17
Q

What does the NON cyclic photo phosphorylation stage include and what does it produce

A

PSII + PSI

Reduced NADP , ATP, oxygen , hydrogen ions , electrons

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18
Q

What products are produced in the light dependant stage on photosynthesis

A

Reduced NADP

ATP

Oxygen

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19
Q

Where does the light dependant stage of photosynthesis occur

A

In the thylakoids

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20
Q

What does the reaction photo phosphorylation do

A

ATP + Pi = ATP

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21
Q

What does the reaction photolysis do and how

A

Splits water using sunlight to produce oxygen , hydrogen and electrons which go to the PSII

22
Q

What is the photosystemn

A

A funnel shape protein full of photosynthetic pigments

23
Q

Where is light absorbed by in photosynthesis and what is released

A

Phptosytems I and II (PSII PSI )

Electrons are realised from the chlorophyll

24
Q

What do the electrons from photolysis replace

A

Electrons lost by chlorophyll A

25
Q

How do you calculate the Rf value

A

divide the distance travelled by the component by the distance travelled by the solvent( smaller number over larger number )

26
Q

What’s the process of cyclic photo phosphorylation? (4steps)

A

Light is absorbed by PSI (P700) thus causes the chlorophyll A molecule to emit a pair of electrons

The energised electrons are picked up by an electron acceptor

The electrons are then passed along the electron transport chain, releasing energy to make ATP from ADP and Pi by chemiosmosis

The electrons are returned to PSI

27
Q

Cyclic and non cyclic photo phosphorylation is also known as

A

Light dependant reactions

28
Q

What’s the difference between cyclic and non cyclic photo phosphorylation

A

Cyclic involves just PSII

Non cyclic involves PSII and PSI

29
Q

What is the light independent reaction also known as

A

Calvin cycle

30
Q

What does TP stand for in the Calvin cycle

A

Triose phosphate

31
Q

What does GP stand for in the Calvin cycle

A

Glycerate phosphate

32
Q

How many carbon molecules are GP made up of and how many are produced per cycle

A

2 3Carbon molecules

33
Q

How many carbon molecules are TP made up of and how many are produced per cycle

A

2 3Carbon molecules

34
Q

How many carbons make up the unstable intermediate in the Calvin cycle

A

6C

35
Q

How many carbons make up RuBP in the Calvin cycle

A

5C

36
Q

Explain the process of the Calvin cycle in full

A

CO2 combines with 5C RuBP using the enzyme RuBisCO

This creates a 6C unstable intermediate

The unstable intermediate creates 2 3C GP

Using ATP and NADPH (from the light dependant stage) and 2 GP this creates 2 3C TP

TP is then either used to create carbohydrates or RuBP to start the process again

37
Q

What 3 factors effect photosynthesis

A

Light intensity

CO2 concentration

Temperature

38
Q

How does the light intensity effect photosynthesis

A

Light is used to create ATP and NADPH which is needed in the light dependent reaction to complete photosynthesis

39
Q

How does CO2 concentration effect photosynthesis

A

Carbon is needed to start the Calvin cycle

40
Q

How does the temperature effect photosynthesis

A

Effects enzyme controlled reactions ( Rubisca and ATP synthesis)

41
Q

Why is water not considered a limiting factor in photosynthesis

A

Although water is required for photosynthesis it is never considered a limiting factor as water can be kept if that stomata closes

42
Q

What’s the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere

A

0.035%

43
Q

Where does C3 photosynthesis (normal one )occur

A

Cool
Wet conditions
Average sunlight

44
Q

Where does C4 photosynthesis occur

A

High temperatures
Limited water supply

45
Q

What does CAM photosynthesis do and a plant example

A

Open stomata at night closed during the day

Cacti

46
Q

What’s the law of limiting factors

A

When a prices is influenced by several factors , the rate of which the process proceeds is determined by the FACTOR in SHORTEST SUPPLY

47
Q

What do farmers use to increase the temperature and CO2 concentration in greenhouses

A

Paraffin heaters

48
Q

What’s the optimum temperature for photosynthesis

A

25 degrees C

49
Q

At what temperature do enzymes in photosynthesis denature

A

45 degrees C

50
Q

Explain water stress (5 steps)

A

Roots are unable to take up enough water to replace water lost via transpiration

Cells lose water

Plant roots produce abscidic acid , stomata close

Leaves wilt

Rate of photosynthesis gradually reduces

51
Q

How can you test the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Place some pond weed in a test tube of sodium hydrogen carbonate.

Place the test tube in a water bath

Let plants acclimatise to temperature

Then count the bubbles per minute 3 times

Then repeat using different colour lights

Year 2 OCR A-Level Biology (4 decks)

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