Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

A

Endothermic

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2
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur?

A

In chloroplasts of green plant cells

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3
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

(Clowns wear light/cool green outfits)

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4
Q

What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?

A
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5
Q

What are 5 main ways that plants use glucose?

A

•Oils and fats- it is turned to oils and fats for storing in seeds
•Starch- stored as starch in roots, stems and leaves
•Cellulose- converted to cellulose to make strong cell walls
• Amino Acids- combined with nitrate ions to make amino acids for making proteins
•Respiration- this transfers energy from glucose

(OSCAR)

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6
Q

What are the limiting factors for photosynthesis?

A

•light intensity
•temperature
•carbon dioxide concentration

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7
Q

When can chlorophyll be a limiting factor for photosynthesis?

A

When the plant is affected by disease (e.g. TMV) so chloroplasts become damaged and cannot absorb as much light

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8
Q

Why is it important that starch is insoluble in the cytoplasm (water) of plant cells?

A
  • starch is insoluble in water
    -therefore the plant can store large amounts of starch for energy store
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9
Q

What symptoms would a plant lacking magnesium have?

A

•yellow leaves as there is less chlorophyll
•poor growth as less photosynthesis occurs

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10
Q

Describe this graph

A

•As carbon dioxide concentration increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases
•eventually the rate of photosynthesis remains constant

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11
Q

Explain the shape of the graph at point C

A

•the rate of photosynthesis is decreasing rapidly past the optimum temperature as enzymes are denaturing
•this changes the shape of the active site so there are fewer successful collisions

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12
Q

Identify the limiting factors at point B

A

Answer: anything other than carbon dioxide concentration

•this is because when the carbon dioxide concentration increases past this point, the rate of photosynthesis does not
•therefore it must be one of the other limiting factors

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13
Q

Identify the limiting factor at point A

A

•light intensity
•because as light intensity increases so does the rate of photosynthesis

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14
Q

Why do plants need magnesium ions from soil?

A

To make chlorophyll

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15
Q

Where do plants get nitrates?

A

from the soil

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16
Q

Describe the graph

A

•as light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases
•Eventually the rate of photosynthesis remains constant

17
Q

What are meant by the limiting factors of photosynthesis?

A

Something that slows down the amount of photosynthesis a plant can do

18
Q

What is the symbol for nitrates?

A
19
Q

Identify the limiting factor at point A

A

•carbon dioxide concentration
•because as the carbon dioxide concentration increases so does the rate of photosynthesis

20
Q

Identify the limiting factor at point B

A

Answer: anything other than light intensity

•because as light intensity increases past this point the rate of photosynthesis does not- it must be one of the other factors

21
Q

What is the symbol for magnesium ions?

A
22
Q

How can you increase light intensity with a lamp?

A

You can move the lamp closer

23
Q

Describe the graph

A

•As temperature increases, rate of photosynthesis increases
•A maximum rate is reached
•the rate of photosynthesis decreases rapidly past the optimum and stops at 45 degrees Celsius

24
Q

Describe the shape of the graph at point B

A

•photosynthesis is happening at it’s optimum rate because enzymes and substrates have maximum kinetic energy
•so there are maximum possible collision

25
Q
A
26
Q
A
27
Q

How do farmers optimise conditions for photosynthesis?

A

They grow plants in a greenhouse

28
Q
A
29
Q

How do greenhouses optimise photosynthesis?

A

•artificial light allows photosynthesis to occur at night
•glass allows light to reach crops
•paraffin heater can heat greenhouse to maintain optimum temperature for photosynthesis
•paraffin heater can also increase carbon dioxide concentration
•fertilisers can be used to supply minerals e.g. magnesium
•shades and ventilation can cool things down if it gets too hot
*all of costs a lot of money but If farmers maintain optimal conditions for photosynthesis, plants grow faster and crops can be harvested more frequently, increasing profits. It’s crucial for farmers to provide the right amount of heat, light, etc., enough for optimal growth but not excessive, to avoid wasting money.

30
Q
A

Inversely proportional

31
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

A reaction where energy is transferred from the environment

32
Q

What is the experiment to measure photosynthesis in pondweed?

A

1)Place cut pondweed in a boiling tube containing sodium hydrogen carbonate solution) at a specific distance from the a light source
2)Let the pondweed photosynthesise, collecting oxygen in a capillary tube.
3)Measure the length of the gas bubble in the tube( this indicates the volume of oxygen produced)
4)Repeat the experiment twice with the same light distance and calculate the average oxygen volume.
5)Control variables like temperature and time for reliable results.