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Ap biology Cellular respiration and Photosynthesis > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Photosynthesis meaning

A

absorb and convert light energy into stored chemical energy of organic molecules

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2
Q

Autotrophs

A

self-feeders

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3
Q

Photoautotrophs

A

the ones that use light to make food

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4
Q

Heterotrophs

A

need to consume foods

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5
Q

fossil fuels

A

formed by remains of past organisms

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6
Q

what is the ultimate energy for living things

A

the sun

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7
Q

Photosynthesis happens in what organelle

A

Chloroplast

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8
Q

Chlorphyll

A

is the green pigment,in chloroplasts mesophyll

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9
Q

anatomy of the chloroplast

A

Outer membrane
inner membrane-encloses the stroma

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10
Q

Stroma

A

fluid filled enzymes to make carbs

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11
Q

stomata

A

the microscopic pores in the leaves for gas exchanges in leaves (usually on the underside of the leafs)

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12
Q

thylakoids

A

pancake discs in the chloroplasts and surrounded by stroma

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13
Q

thylakoid lumen

A

fluid-filled space inside of thylakoid

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14
Q

grana

A

its the thylakoids stacks

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15
Q

mesophyll

A

tissue in the middle of the leaf tissues ( the top tissue is waxy and the bottom tissue if rough)

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16
Q

the chlorophyll is in the

A

thylakoids membrane

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17
Q

chlorophyll absorbs what type of light

A

blue/red wavelengths

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18
Q

what color is reflected from the chlorophyll

A

yellow and green light

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19
Q

the absorbed light is

A

used

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20
Q

the transmitted light (reflected light)

A

isn’t used and its what we can see

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21
Q

because of it diff color wavelengths_______

A

some plants have diff colors

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22
Q

what comes first photosystem 1 or 2

A

photosystem 2

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23
Q

in photosystem 1 there chlorophyll_____ and how much light does it absorb -_____

A

chlorophyll a / P700

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24
Q

in photosystem 2 there chlorophyll_____ and how much light does it absorb -_____

A

A / P680

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25
Q

the pigments absorb

A

light energy

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26
Q

how do chlorophyll pigments molecules reach there maximum amount of light they can absorb

A

energy is passed from 1 pigment molecule to another until it reaches P700 or P680 at the reaction center

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27
Q

step 1 in photosystem

A

light energy will hit one of the pigment molecules and bounces down

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28
Q

step 2 in photosystem

A

once the special pair of chlorphyll a molecules get the energy its electron will be raised to a higher energy level

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29
Q

step 3 in photosystem

A

once the e- has a higher energy level it will be donated to the primary electron acceptor

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30
Q

the main plant pigment is

A

chlorophyll a

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31
Q

what type of chlorophyll pigment is in the reaction center

A

chlorophyll a

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32
Q

noncyclic electron transport

A

not a cycle its a cont. linear process ( 1 way flow of e- from water to NADP+

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33
Q

the noncyclic Electron transport makes

A

ATP and NADPH

34
Q

step 1 of photolysis

A

a photon hits a pigment and its energy is passed along pigment molecules until it excites P680

35
Q

step 2 of photolysis

A

An excited electron from P680 is transferred to the primary electron acceptor once the electrons are donated the P680 gets a + temporarily

36
Q

step 3 of photolysis

A

H2O is split by enzymes, and the electrons are transferred from the hydrogen atoms to P680+ thus reducing it to P680

37
Q

what is released as a by product of step 3 of photolysis

A

O2

38
Q

photolysis is

A

light splitting

39
Q

during photolysis

A

every e- is donated to P680 and P+ are released and crating a chemical electrical gradient into the thylakoid lumen

40
Q

for 1 oxygen to be released into the atmosphere how many waters need to be split

A

2
( 2 H20——>O2+4H+)

41
Q

Photosynthesis formula

A

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light –> C6H12O6 + 6 O2

42
Q

photosynthesis has many _____ steps

A

complex

43
Q

2 parts of photsynthesis

A

Light-dependant (photo)- thylakoids
carbon fixation ( synthesis) - stroma

44
Q

photosynthesis _____ the direction of e- flow compared to _____

A

reverses / resperation

45
Q

NADP+ to

A

NADPH

46
Q

Reaction center +

A

many antenna complexes

47
Q

antenna complexes

A

absorbs light energy and transfers it to reaction center

48
Q

reaction center light energy—>

A

chemical energy be series of e- transfers

49
Q

step 4 of photolysis

A

each electron “falls” down an ETC from the primary electron acceptor of PS 11 to PS 1

50
Q

step 5 of photolysis

A

energy released by the fall drives the creation of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. Diffusion of H+ (protons) across the membrane drive ATP synthesis

51
Q

step 6 of photolysis

A

meanwhile in PS 1, juse lke PS 2 the transffered ligh energy excite P700 which loses e- to an electron acceptor. P700+ ( P700 that is missing an electron ) accepts an electron passed down from PS 2 via the ETC

52
Q

step 7 of photolysis

A

each electron falls down an ETC from the primary electron acceptor of PS1 to the Protein ferredoxin (FD)

53
Q

step 8 of photolysis

A

the e- are then transferred to NADP+ nad reduced to NADPH. The electrons of NADPH are available for the reactions of the calvin cycle.

54
Q

chloroplasts and mitochondria both generate ATP by chemiosmosis but

A

use different sources of Energy

55
Q

Mitochondria transfer chemical energy from food to ATP; chloroplast

A

transform light energy into the chemical energy of ATP

56
Q

Spatial organization of chemiosmosis

A

differs and can be similar between both mitochondria and chloroplast

57
Q

In mitochondria, protons are pumped to the intermembrane space and drive ATP synthesis as they diffuse back into the mitochondrial matrix
but in chloroplast

A

protons are pumped into the thylakoid space and drive ATP synthesis as they diffuse back into the stroma

58
Q

By chemosmosis_____

A

ATP synthesis

59
Q

some of the energy not released——>

A

Drives synthesis of ATP (endergonic)

60
Q

The synthesis of ATP in chloroplasts, promoted by light, is called

A

photophosphorylation

61
Q

the final acceptor in the photolysis

A

is NADP+—–>NADPH

62
Q

the light reaction ( photolysis) products

A

ATP and NADPH

63
Q

calvin cycle products

A

G3P

64
Q

carbon fixation

A

The Calvin cycle begins with the incorporation of carbon dioxide from the air into organic molecules already present in the chloroplast.

65
Q

carbon fixation direct light is or not needed

A

not

66
Q

carbon fixation depends on

A

products of the light reaction

67
Q

the c3 pathway

A

is a pathway where majority of plants create G3P as a first product of carbon dioxide fixation in the calvin cycle

68
Q

the calvin cycle occurs in the

A

stroma and there are more than one reactions

69
Q

3 phases ofcalvin cycle

A

-co2 uptake
-carbon reduction
-RuBP regeneration

70
Q

how many reactions in Co2 uptake ( calvin cycle)

A

one

71
Q

step 1 of Co2 uptake

A

the carbon dioxide will attach with RuBP (5c) with an enzyme

72
Q

step 2 of Co2 uptake

A

the co2 and RuBP will become a short lived intermediate and then immediately it will become 2 PGA (3c each)

73
Q

carbon reduction phase step 1

A

a phosphate is added to PGA which creates the molecule 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

74
Q

carbon reduction pase step 2

A

the 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate molecules are reduced (gain electrons). Each molecule receives two electrons from NADPH and loses one of its phosphate groups, turning into G3P

75
Q

carbon reduction products

A

NADP+ and phosphate as a by product

76
Q

for net synthesis for 1 g3p

A

the cycle must take place 3 times,fixing three molecules of co2

77
Q

how many reactions are in the RuBP regeneration phase

A

10

78
Q

in RuBP regeneration phase the 30 c (from the 10 G3P left from carbon reduction phase) rearranged into

A

6 ribulose phosphate (+P)—-> RuBP (5c where reaction started)

79
Q

Inputs of carbon fixation

A

6 co2
p from ATP
e-(as hydrogen) from NADPH

80
Q

end of carbon fixation

A

6c remaining G3P—–> makes RuBP which combines with more co2

Ap biology Cellular respiration and Photosynthesis (5 decks)

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