Photosynthesis Flashcards

Question

ATP is the…

Answer 1

Reduced form

Answer 2

Oxidised form

Answer 3

It loses the Phosphate and 2e- , called oxidation

Answer 4

Through Redox reactions (ETC)

Answer 5

``` It separates compounds based on size, charge or solubility A solvent (mobile phase) will pull the compounds through a paper (stationary phase) Small soluble stuff travels faring less soluble stuff, not so far An Rf (reference value) can be calculated to I.D a compound through L comparison ```

Answer 6

``` Pigment Distance (Top of green to bottom) Rf = ——————————— Solvent Distance (top to bottom) ```

Answer 7

Sending a beam of light through a sample of solution ``` Measures absorption (nm or wavelength) Measures transmission/reflect (nm) ```

Answer 8

Light captured by pigments is used to excite electrons (e-) Excited e- are passed through a series of proteins (steps) As e- pairs are passed energy us released *Each step is an oxidation/reduction reaction <2e-> Protein carrier 1 ———> Protein 2 / \ Gets oxidised Gets reduced (Giving away) (Received e-)

Answer 9

<2e->. <2e-> ————— I. 1. Gets reduced I. <2e-> I_______I. 1. Gets oxidised 1 I. 2. Is reduced. <2e-> I_______I. 2. Is oxidised 2. I. 3. Is reduced. <2e-> I. ________I 3 I. 3. Oxidised, acceptor is reduced I_______ Acceptor

Answer 10

Releases energy | This energy is used to make other energy compounds

Answer 11

Capture light energy to turn it into chemical energy, & transport that energy to the glucose - making molecules (w/ energy carriers) ATP, NADPH Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate

Answer 12

Photons excite electrons in chlorophyll of PSII

Answer 13

Electrons are passed down the Electron-Transport-Chain (ETC): series of protein ‘stairs’

Answer 14

As e- are passed, Redox reactions occur, energy released is used to pump H+ into the lumen Creates a gradient

Answer 15

H+ will move back out of the Thylakoid, down the gradient through ATP synthase, energy freed in this H+ flow is used to Phosphorylise ADP & make ATP. (ADP +Pi ——> ATP). This process is called Chemiosmosis The movement of Hydrogen protons across a membrane Energy harnessed from PSII makes ATP

Answer 16

2e- from PSII have given off their energy, they become excited again at PSI (by protons)

Answer 17

Excited e- are passed down on ETC (Redox reactions happen)

Answer 18

Energy released is used to reduce NADP+ (reduced form) & make NADPH (oxidised form)

Answer 19

ATP & NADPH go to fuel the dark reactions (Calvin Bentsen Cycle) Energy harnessed by PSI makes NADPH

Answer 20

Splitting by light During the light reactions Supplies the e- pairs & H+ Involves splitting H2O w/ light energy For the ETC I H2O ———> H+ + e- + O2 (g) I. I For the gradient &. Byproduct of photosynthesis Chemiosmosis. for all living things

Answer 21

Once called the ‘Dark Reactions’ because some plants carry out these reactions at night These reactions still require the end products of the light reactions The end product of the dark reactions is a molecule called Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) Then two G3P molecules are used to make 1 Glucose The CB cycle has 3 parts Fixation of CO2 Reduction Regeneration

Answer 22

Fixation 3 inorganic CO2 from the atmosphere are attached to 3, 5-Carbon RuBP (ribulase byphosphate) by RubisCo (enzyme)

Answer 23

Reduction The 3-carbon imidiates will be given high Energy electrons (w/ Pi & H+), These electrons are donated by the carriers from the light reactions (the carriers get oxidised)

Answer 24

Regeneration 5, 3 carbon G3P are used to remake 3, 5 carbon RuBP

Answer 25

The Calvin - Bensen cycle happens twice to make Glucose (C6 H12 O6) Can then be used by Cell Respiration Used to make fruit/nectar Stored as starch/cellulose

Answer 26

Calvin/Bensen Stroma By product of Photolysis Fixed, & used to make Source of O2 for all G3P & then Glucose Living things I I 6H2O + 6CO2 ——> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 I I Light rxns. Primary product formed after the CB Lumen - Photolysis. Cycle, for energy storage (food) Source if (e-) —> ETC & H+ ——> Chemiosmosis

Answer 27

Fixes CO2 from atm Makes high energy carbon compounds through reduction (NADPH —> NADP+) Carbon compounds are reduced by ATP & NADPH (ATP ——> ADP) 1 G3P goes to make glucose 5 G3P regenerate RuBP

Answer 28

Makes energy carriers (ATP & NADPH) to fuel the Dark Reactions - in the Thylakoid (PSI, II) uses the ETC & redox reactions to release energy from proton excited e- Energy used to build up H+ gradient to run Chemiosmosis with ATP synthase (PSII) & reduce NADP+ —> NADPH (PSI)