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BIO150 > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

what is the name of a process that converts light energy into chemical energy of food

A

photosynthesis

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2
Q

what does autotroph means

A

self feeder

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3
Q

state the 2 types of autotrophs

A
  • photoautotroph

- chemoautotroph

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4
Q

a process that uses the light energy to make organic molecules from H2O and CO2

A

photoautotroph

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5
Q

a process that uses energy from inorganic substances (sulfur&ammonia)

A

chemoautotroph

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6
Q

name the major locations of photosynthesis in plants

A

the leaves

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7
Q

chloroplasts can be found in cells of the ___

A

mesophyll

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8
Q

each mesophyll cell contains _____ chloroplasts

A

30-40

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9
Q

thylakoids are stacked in column called ____

A

grana

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10
Q

name the component that is inside of the thylakoids

A

chlorophyll

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11
Q

state 3 raw materials for photosynthesis

A

CO2, H2O, light energy

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12
Q

state 2 products of photosynthesis

A

glucose, oxygen

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13
Q

_CO2 + _H2O + light -> C6H12O6 + _O2

A

6,6,6

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14
Q

roots will absorb the ___ that moves up the vascular tissue

A

water

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15
Q

____ will enter the leaf through _____,

A

CO2, stomata

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16
Q

____ will exit the leaf through ____

A

O2, stomata

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17
Q

in stroma, ___ is combined with ___ to form C6H12O6 (sugar)

A

CO2, H2O

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18
Q

name the component in the leaf that will absorb solar energy

A

chlorophyll

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19
Q

light are a form of _____ energy

A

electromagnetic

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20
Q

light travels in _____

A

rhythmic waves

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21
Q

longer wavelength photon will result in ____ energy

A

lower

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22
Q

shorter wavelength will result in ___ energy

A

higher

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23
Q

state the range of visible light

A

380nm-750nm

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24
Q

name the substance that absorbs visible light

A

pigment

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25
Q

different pigment will absorb different _____

A

wavelength light

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26
Q

what happens when the lights strikes leaf?

clue: 3

A
  • absorbed
  • transmitted (pass through)
  • reflected
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27
Q

why leaves are green?

A

because the chlorophyll reflects and transmits green light

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28
Q

chloroplasts contains several pigments. true/false

A

true

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29
Q

name all 5 pigments of the chloroplasts

A
  • chlorophyll a
  • chlorophyll b
  • carotenoids
  • xanthophyll
  • phycocyanin
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30
Q

name the main photosynthetic pigment

A

chlorophyll a

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31
Q

what light does the main photosynthetic pigment absorbs?

A

blue and red light

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32
Q

name all 4 of the accessory photosynthetic pigment

A
  • chlorophyll b
  • carotenoids
  • xanthophyll
  • phycocyanin
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33
Q

what light does the chlorophyll b pigment reflect

A

blue green

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34
Q

what light does the carotenoids pigment reflect

A

yellow orange

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35
Q

name the pigment that does this:

  • reflect yellow, orange, red light
  • absorbs excessive light that would damage chlorophyll
A

carotenoids pigment

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36
Q

name the pigment that reflects yellow light.

A

xanthophyll

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37
Q

name the pigment that reflects blue, purple light

A

phycocyanin

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38
Q

a pigment will go from a ground state to an excited state when it ____

A

absorbs light

39
Q

a pigment in an excited state is ____

A

unstable

40
Q

_____ are given off when excited electrons fall back to the ground state

A

photons

41
Q

the afterglow is called _____

A

fluoresecence

42
Q

if illuminated, an isolated solution of chlorophyll will fluoresce, giving off ___

A

light and heat

43
Q

physiological process by which autotrophic organisms use light energy to synthesize sugar and oxygen gas from carbon dioxide and water.

this is the definition of ____

A

photosynthesis

44
Q

state 2 stages of photosynthesis

A
  • light reaction (the photo part)

- calvin cycle (the synthesis part)

45
Q

name the photo part in photosynthesis

A

light reaction

46
Q

name the synthesis part in photosynthesis

A

calvin cycle

47
Q

where does the light reaction occurs

A

in the thylakoids

48
Q

where does the calvin cycle occurs

A

in the stroma

49
Q

how many steps are there in the light reaction

A

4

50
Q

state the reaction where these occurs.

  • split of H2O (photolysis)
  • release O2
  • reduce NADP+ to NADPH
  • generate ATp (photophosphorylation)
A

the light reaction

51
Q

state the 2 possible routes for electron flow in the light reaction

A
  • noncyclic electron flow

- cyclic electron flow

52
Q

a reaction-center complex associated with light-harvesting complexes.

this is a definition of ___

A

photosystem

53
Q

state the 2 types of photosystem in the thylakoid membrane

A
  • photosystem II

- photosystem I

54
Q

the reaction center of chlorophyll a that is known as P680.

identify this photosystem

A

photosystem II

55
Q

the reaction center of chlorophyll a that is known as P700.

identify this photosystem

A

photosystem I

56
Q

why is photosystem II is known as P680?

A

it is best at absorbing a wavelength of 680nm

57
Q

why is photosystem I is known as P700?

A

it is best at absorbing a wavelength of 700nm

58
Q

is it true that photosystem consists of :

  • light harvesting complex
  • reaction center complex
A

true

59
Q

state the function of accessory pigment molecule in the light harvesting complex of the photosystem

A
  • to trap light energy and transfer to special chlorophyll a

- to absorb excessive light that would damage cholorophyll

60
Q

why would the accessory pigment molecule in the light harvesting complex absorb excessive light?

A

to prevent the chlorophyll from being damaged

61
Q

state 3 accessory pigment molecule that is contained by the light harvesting complex

A
  • chlorophyll a
  • chlorophyll b
  • carotenoids
62
Q

state 2 component that is inside the reaction center complex

A
  • 2 special chlorophyll a

- primary electron acceptor

63
Q

these two photosystems work together to use light energy to generate ATP and NADPH.
true or false?

A

true

64
Q

ATP and NADPH. what are these?

A

the product of photosystem

65
Q

state 2 possible routes for electron flow

A
  • noncyclic electron flow

- cyclic electron flow

66
Q

the noncyclic electron flow is also known as ____

A

linear electron flow

67
Q

what happens to the electrons ejected from the photosystems in the linear electron flow?

A

the electrons do not return to the cytochrome complex

68
Q

state the product of the linear electron flow

A

ATP , NADPH

69
Q

what happens to the electrons ejected from the photosystems in the cyclic electron flow?

A

the electrons will return to the cytochrome complex

70
Q

state the product of the cyclic electron flow

A

ATP

71
Q

does the linear electron flow involve both photosystem I and photosystem II?

A

yes

72
Q

does the cyclic electron flow involve both photosystem I and photosystem II?

A

no. only photosystem I.

73
Q

linear electron flow

(1) a ____ hits a pigment and its energy is passed among pigment molecules until it excites ____

A

photon, P680

74
Q

linear electron flow

(2) an excited ____ from P680 is transferred to the ______. P680 will be ___ to P680+

A

electron, primary electron acceptor, oxidized

75
Q

linear electron flow

(3) H2O is split by enzymes and the ___ are transferred from the hydrogen atoms to P680+. hence, P680+ will be ____ to P680.
___ will be released as a byproduct of this reaction.

A

electrons, reduced, oxygen

76
Q

linear electron flow

(4) each electrons falls down an electron transport chain from the ____ of PSII -> Pq -> ___ -> Pc -> _____

A

primary electron acceptor, cytochrome complex, photosystem I

77
Q

what does this list represent?

  • primary electron acceptor
  • Pq (plastoquinon)
  • cytochrome complex
  • Pc (plastocyanin)
  • photosystem I
A

the electron pathway down an electron transport chain

78
Q

linear electron flow

(5) ___ released by the fall drives the creation of a ____ across the thylakoid membrane.
diffusion of H+ (proton) across the membrane drives _____

A

energy, proton gradient, ATP synthesis

79
Q

linear electron flow

(6) in PSI, transferred light energy excites ____ and loses an electron to the _____. then, P700+ will accept an ____ passed down from PSII.

A

P700, electron acceptor, electron

80
Q

linear electron flow

7) each electron falls down an electron transport chain from the _____ to the protein ferredoxin (Fd

A

primary electron acceptor of PSI

81
Q

linear electron flow

(8) the ____ are then transferred to ____ and reduced to NADPH. this reaction removes an H+ from the ____.

A

electrons, NADP+, stroma

82
Q

list 2 end product of the light reaction

A

ATP and NADPH

83
Q

will the cyclic electron flow release oxygen as a by product?

A

no. only linear electron flow does that.

84
Q

will the cyclic electron flow use photosystem I only?

A

yes

85
Q

state the electron flow (cyclic/linear) that produces only 1 end product

A

cyclic electron flow

86
Q

is it true that the cyclic electron flow will generate surplus ATP and satisfy the higher demand in the calvin cycle?

A

yes

87
Q

what type of electron flow is this?

primary acceptor -> Fd -> cytochrome complex -> Pc -> primary acceptor

A

cyclic electron flow

88
Q

what is the final electron acceptor in the linear electron flow?

A

NADP+

89
Q

what is the final electron acceptor in the lcyclic electron flow?

A

PS I

90
Q
  • photolysis
  • the movement of electron from cytochrome complex to Pc
  • formation of NADPH

what does these processes cause?

A

it creates a proton concentration gradient across the thylakoid space

91
Q

name the process where H2O is being split producing H+

A

photolysis

92
Q

will the movement of electron from cytochrome complex to Pc cause a proton gradient across thylakoid space?

A

yes.

93
Q

what happens during the movement of electron from cytochrome complex to Pc that causes a proton gradient?

A

oxidation of cytochrome complex is coupled with the pumping of 4H+ from stroma to thylakoid space.

94
Q

in the formation of NADPH, H+ is ____ from stroma when it is taken up by NADP+. this will ___ the concentration of H+ in the stroma

A

removed, reduce

BIO150 (14 decks)

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