Photosynthesis Flashcards
what is the name of a process that converts light energy into chemical energy of food
photosynthesis
what does autotroph means
self feeder
state the 2 types of autotrophs
- photoautotroph
- chemoautotroph
a process that uses the light energy to make organic molecules from H2O and CO2
photoautotroph
a process that uses energy from inorganic substances (sulfur&ammonia)
chemoautotroph
name the major locations of photosynthesis in plants
the leaves
chloroplasts can be found in cells of the ___
mesophyll
each mesophyll cell contains _____ chloroplasts
30-40
thylakoids are stacked in column called ____
grana
name the component that is inside of the thylakoids
chlorophyll
state 3 raw materials for photosynthesis
CO2, H2O, light energy
state 2 products of photosynthesis
glucose, oxygen
_CO2 + _H2O + light -> C6H12O6 + _O2
6,6,6
roots will absorb the ___ that moves up the vascular tissue
water
____ will enter the leaf through _____,
CO2, stomata
____ will exit the leaf through ____
O2, stomata
in stroma, ___ is combined with ___ to form C6H12O6 (sugar)
CO2, H2O
name the component in the leaf that will absorb solar energy
chlorophyll
light are a form of _____ energy
electromagnetic
light travels in _____
rhythmic waves
longer wavelength photon will result in ____ energy
lower
shorter wavelength will result in ___ energy
higher
state the range of visible light
380nm-750nm
name the substance that absorbs visible light
pigment
different pigment will absorb different _____
wavelength light
what happens when the lights strikes leaf?
clue: 3
- absorbed
- transmitted (pass through)
- reflected
why leaves are green?
because the chlorophyll reflects and transmits green light
chloroplasts contains several pigments. true/false
true
name all 5 pigments of the chloroplasts
- chlorophyll a
- chlorophyll b
- carotenoids
- xanthophyll
- phycocyanin
name the main photosynthetic pigment
chlorophyll a
what light does the main photosynthetic pigment absorbs?
blue and red light
name all 4 of the accessory photosynthetic pigment
- chlorophyll b
- carotenoids
- xanthophyll
- phycocyanin
what light does the chlorophyll b pigment reflect
blue green
what light does the carotenoids pigment reflect
yellow orange
name the pigment that does this:
- reflect yellow, orange, red light
- absorbs excessive light that would damage chlorophyll
carotenoids pigment
name the pigment that reflects yellow light.
xanthophyll
name the pigment that reflects blue, purple light
phycocyanin
a pigment will go from a ground state to an excited state when it ____
absorbs light
a pigment in an excited state is ____
unstable
_____ are given off when excited electrons fall back to the ground state
photons
the afterglow is called _____
fluoresecence
if illuminated, an isolated solution of chlorophyll will fluoresce, giving off ___
light and heat
physiological process by which autotrophic organisms use light energy to synthesize sugar and oxygen gas from carbon dioxide and water.
this is the definition of ____
photosynthesis
state 2 stages of photosynthesis
- light reaction (the photo part)
- calvin cycle (the synthesis part)
name the photo part in photosynthesis
light reaction
name the synthesis part in photosynthesis
calvin cycle
where does the light reaction occurs
in the thylakoids
where does the calvin cycle occurs
in the stroma
how many steps are there in the light reaction
4
state the reaction where these occurs.
- split of H2O (photolysis)
- release O2
- reduce NADP+ to NADPH
- generate ATp (photophosphorylation)
the light reaction
state the 2 possible routes for electron flow in the light reaction
- noncyclic electron flow
- cyclic electron flow
a reaction-center complex associated with light-harvesting complexes.
this is a definition of ___
photosystem
state the 2 types of photosystem in the thylakoid membrane
- photosystem II
- photosystem I
the reaction center of chlorophyll a that is known as P680.
identify this photosystem
photosystem II
the reaction center of chlorophyll a that is known as P700.
identify this photosystem
photosystem I
why is photosystem II is known as P680?
it is best at absorbing a wavelength of 680nm
why is photosystem I is known as P700?
it is best at absorbing a wavelength of 700nm
is it true that photosystem consists of :
- light harvesting complex
- reaction center complex
true
state the function of accessory pigment molecule in the light harvesting complex of the photosystem
- to trap light energy and transfer to special chlorophyll a
- to absorb excessive light that would damage cholorophyll
why would the accessory pigment molecule in the light harvesting complex absorb excessive light?
to prevent the chlorophyll from being damaged
state 3 accessory pigment molecule that is contained by the light harvesting complex
- chlorophyll a
- chlorophyll b
- carotenoids
state 2 component that is inside the reaction center complex
- 2 special chlorophyll a
- primary electron acceptor
these two photosystems work together to use light energy to generate ATP and NADPH.
true or false?
true
ATP and NADPH. what are these?
the product of photosystem
state 2 possible routes for electron flow
- noncyclic electron flow
- cyclic electron flow
the noncyclic electron flow is also known as ____
linear electron flow
what happens to the electrons ejected from the photosystems in the linear electron flow?
the electrons do not return to the cytochrome complex
state the product of the linear electron flow
ATP , NADPH
what happens to the electrons ejected from the photosystems in the cyclic electron flow?
the electrons will return to the cytochrome complex
state the product of the cyclic electron flow
ATP
does the linear electron flow involve both photosystem I and photosystem II?
yes
does the cyclic electron flow involve both photosystem I and photosystem II?
no. only photosystem I.
linear electron flow
(1) a ____ hits a pigment and its energy is passed among pigment molecules until it excites ____
photon, P680
linear electron flow
(2) an excited ____ from P680 is transferred to the ______. P680 will be ___ to P680+
electron, primary electron acceptor, oxidized
linear electron flow
(3) H2O is split by enzymes and the ___ are transferred from the hydrogen atoms to P680+. hence, P680+ will be ____ to P680.
___ will be released as a byproduct of this reaction.
electrons, reduced, oxygen
linear electron flow
(4) each electrons falls down an electron transport chain from the ____ of PSII -> Pq -> ___ -> Pc -> _____
primary electron acceptor, cytochrome complex, photosystem I
what does this list represent?
- primary electron acceptor
- Pq (plastoquinon)
- cytochrome complex
- Pc (plastocyanin)
- photosystem I
the electron pathway down an electron transport chain
linear electron flow
(5) ___ released by the fall drives the creation of a ____ across the thylakoid membrane.
diffusion of H+ (proton) across the membrane drives _____
energy, proton gradient, ATP synthesis
linear electron flow
(6) in PSI, transferred light energy excites ____ and loses an electron to the _____. then, P700+ will accept an ____ passed down from PSII.
P700, electron acceptor, electron
linear electron flow
7) each electron falls down an electron transport chain from the _____ to the protein ferredoxin (Fd
primary electron acceptor of PSI
linear electron flow
(8) the ____ are then transferred to ____ and reduced to NADPH. this reaction removes an H+ from the ____.
electrons, NADP+, stroma
list 2 end product of the light reaction
ATP and NADPH
will the cyclic electron flow release oxygen as a by product?
no. only linear electron flow does that.
will the cyclic electron flow use photosystem I only?
yes
state the electron flow (cyclic/linear) that produces only 1 end product
cyclic electron flow
is it true that the cyclic electron flow will generate surplus ATP and satisfy the higher demand in the calvin cycle?
yes
what type of electron flow is this?
primary acceptor -> Fd -> cytochrome complex -> Pc -> primary acceptor
cyclic electron flow
what is the final electron acceptor in the linear electron flow?
NADP+
what is the final electron acceptor in the lcyclic electron flow?
PS I
- photolysis
- the movement of electron from cytochrome complex to Pc
- formation of NADPH
what does these processes cause?
it creates a proton concentration gradient across the thylakoid space
name the process where H2O is being split producing H+
photolysis
will the movement of electron from cytochrome complex to Pc cause a proton gradient across thylakoid space?
yes.
what happens during the movement of electron from cytochrome complex to Pc that causes a proton gradient?
oxidation of cytochrome complex is coupled with the pumping of 4H+ from stroma to thylakoid space.
in the formation of NADPH, H+ is ____ from stroma when it is taken up by NADP+. this will ___ the concentration of H+ in the stroma
removed, reduce
