Photosyntheisis (Chapter 11) AI Generated

Question 1

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 1

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

Question 2

What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?

Answer 2

The two main stages of photosynthesis are the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).

Question 3

Where in the plant does photosynthesis primarily occur?

Answer 3

Photosynthesis primarily occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.

Question 4

What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?

Answer 4

The primary pigment involved in photosynthesis is chlorophyll.

Question 5

What are the inputs of photosynthesis?

Answer 5

The inputs of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.

Question 6

What is the main output of photosynthesis?

Answer 6

The main output of photosynthesis is glucose.

Question 7

True or False: Photosynthesis occurs only during the day.

Answer 7

True.

Question 8

What is the role of sunlight in photosynthesis?

Answer 8

Sunlight provides the energy needed to drive the chemical reactions of photosynthesis.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The light-dependent reactions take place in the _____ of the chloroplast.

Answer 9

thylakoid membranes.

Question 10

What is produced during the light-dependent reactions?

Answer 10

During the light-dependent reactions, ATP and NADPH are produced.

Question 11

What is the main purpose of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 11

The main purpose of the Calvin cycle is to convert carbon dioxide into glucose using ATP and NADPH.

Question 12

Which gas is taken in by plants during photosynthesis?

Answer 12

Carbon dioxide.

Question 13

Which gas is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis?

Answer 13

Oxygen.

Question 14

True or False: Photosynthesis can occur in the absence of light.

Answer 14

False.

Question 15

What is the significance of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Answer 15

Chlorophyll absorbs light energy, primarily in the blue and red wavelengths, which is essential for photosynthesis.

Question 16

What is the formula for photosynthesis?

Answer 16

The simplified formula for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2.

Question 17

What role do stomata play in photosynthesis?

Answer 17

Stomata are small openings on the leaf surface that allow for gas exchange, letting carbon dioxide in and oxygen out.

Question 18

What is photolysis?

Answer 18

Photolysis is the process of splitting water molecules into oxygen, protons, and electrons using light energy during the light-dependent reactions.

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The enzyme _____ is essential for fixing carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.

Answer 19

RuBisCO.

Question 20

What are the products of the light-dependent reactions used for?

Answer 20

The products, ATP and NADPH, are used in the Calvin cycle to synthesize glucose.

Question 21

How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 21

The rate of photosynthesis generally increases with temperature up to an optimal point, after which it declines.

Question 22

What is the effect of light intensity on photosynthesis?

Answer 22

Increased light intensity typically increases the rate of photosynthesis until other factors become limiting.

Question 23

Which type of plants typically perform CAM photosynthesis?

Answer 23

CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) plants, such as cacti and succulents, typically perform this type of photosynthesis.

Question 24

What is the main difference between C3 and C4 photosynthesis?

Answer 24

C3 photosynthesis occurs in most plants and uses a three-carbon compound, while C4 photosynthesis uses a four-carbon compound to efficiently fix CO2.

Question 25

True or False: All plants use the same type of photosynthesis.

Answer 25

False.

Question 26

What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis?

Answer 26

NADP+ acts as an electron carrier, becoming reduced to NADPH during the light-dependent reactions.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoids in the chloroplast.

Answer 27

stroma.

Question 28

What is the role of water in photosynthesis?

Answer 28

Water provides electrons and protons, and its photolysis produces oxygen as a byproduct.

Question 29

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Answer 29

Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, which are used in cellular respiration to produce ATP.

Question 30

What is the main product of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 30

The main product of the Calvin cycle is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), which can be converted into glucose.

Question 31

How does carbon dioxide concentration affect photosynthesis?

Answer 31

Increased carbon dioxide concentration can enhance the rate of photosynthesis until other factors become limiting.

Question 32

What is the role of ATP in photosynthesis?

Answer 32

ATP provides the energy required for various biochemical reactions in the Calvin cycle.

Question 33

What is the primary function of the thylakoid membranes?

Answer 33

Thylakoid membranes are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Question 34

True or False: Chloroplasts are found in all plant cells.

Answer 34

False. Chloroplasts are primarily found in the cells of green tissues.

Question 35

What is the significance of the light-independent reactions?

Answer 35

Light-independent reactions convert chemical energy from ATP and NADPH into stable sugar molecules.

Question 36

What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis?

Answer 36

The limiting factors of photosynthesis include light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, and water availability.

Question 37

Fill in the blank: The _____ cycle is also known as the Calvin cycle.

Answer 37

dark.

Question 38

What is the purpose of the antenna complex in photosynthesis?

Answer 38

The antenna complex captures and funnels light energy to the reaction center in the thylakoid membranes.

Question 39

How do environmental conditions affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 39

Environmental conditions like temperature, light intensity, and water availability can significantly impact the rate of photosynthesis.

Question 40

True or False: Only green plants can perform photosynthesis.

Answer 40

False. Some algae and bacteria also perform photosynthesis.

Question 41

What is the role of RuBP in the Calvin cycle?

Answer 41

RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate) is the molecule that reacts with CO2 in the first step of the Calvin cycle.

Question 42

What type of light do plants primarily absorb for photosynthesis?

Answer 42

Plants primarily absorb blue and red light for photosynthesis.

Question 43

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

Answer 43

chloroplast.

Question 44

What are the three phases of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 44

The three phases of the Calvin cycle are carbon fixation, reduction phase, and regeneration of RuBP.

Question 45

What effect does high temperature have on photosynthesis?

Answer 45

High temperatures can denature enzymes involved in photosynthesis, leading to a decrease in its rate.

Question 46

What is the role of light in the light-dependent reactions?

Answer 46

Light provides the energy needed to excite electrons, which are then used to generate ATP and NADPH.

Question 47

True or False: The oxygen produced in photosynthesis comes from carbon dioxide.

Answer 47

False. The oxygen produced comes from the splitting of water molecules.