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Biology > Photosyntheisis (Chapter 11) > Flashcards

Photosyntheisis (Chapter 11) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

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2
Q

What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?

A

The two main stages of photosynthesis are the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).

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3
Q

Where in the plant does photosynthesis primarily occur?

A

Photosynthesis primarily occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.

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4
Q

What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?

A

The primary pigment involved in photosynthesis is chlorophyll.

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5
Q

What are the inputs of photosynthesis?

A

The inputs of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.

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6
Q

What is the main output of photosynthesis?

A

The main output of photosynthesis is glucose.

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7
Q

True or False: Photosynthesis occurs only during the day.

A

True.

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8
Q

What is the role of sunlight in photosynthesis?

A

Sunlight provides the energy needed to drive the chemical reactions of photosynthesis.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: The light-dependent reactions take place in the _____ of the chloroplast.

A

thylakoid membranes.

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10
Q

What is produced during the light-dependent reactions?

A

During the light-dependent reactions, ATP and NADPH are produced.

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11
Q

What is the main purpose of the Calvin cycle?

A

The main purpose of the Calvin cycle is to convert carbon dioxide into glucose using ATP and NADPH.

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12
Q

Which gas is taken in by plants during photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide.

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13
Q

Which gas is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen.

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14
Q

True or False: Photosynthesis can occur in the absence of light.

A

False.

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15
Q

What is the significance of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

A

Chlorophyll absorbs light energy, primarily in the blue and red wavelengths, which is essential for photosynthesis.

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16
Q

What is the formula for photosynthesis?

A

The simplified formula for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2.

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17
Q

What role do stomata play in photosynthesis?

A

Stomata are small openings on the leaf surface that allow for gas exchange, letting carbon dioxide in and oxygen out.

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18
Q

What is photolysis?

A

Photolysis is the process of splitting water molecules into oxygen, protons, and electrons using light energy during the light-dependent reactions.

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: The enzyme _____ is essential for fixing carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.

A

RuBisCO.

20
Q

What are the products of the light-dependent reactions used for?

A

The products, ATP and NADPH, are used in the Calvin cycle to synthesize glucose.

21
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

The rate of photosynthesis generally increases with temperature up to an optimal point, after which it declines.

22
Q

What is the effect of light intensity on photosynthesis?

A

Increased light intensity typically increases the rate of photosynthesis until other factors become limiting.

23
Q

Which type of plants typically perform CAM photosynthesis?

A

CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) plants, such as cacti and succulents, typically perform this type of photosynthesis.

24
Q

What is the main difference between C3 and C4 photosynthesis?

A

C3 photosynthesis occurs in most plants and uses a three-carbon compound, while C4 photosynthesis uses a four-carbon compound to efficiently fix CO2.

25
Q

True or False: All plants use the same type of photosynthesis.

A

False.

26
Q

What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis?

A

NADP+ acts as an electron carrier, becoming reduced to NADPH during the light-dependent reactions.

27
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoids in the chloroplast.

A

stroma.

28
Q

What is the role of water in photosynthesis?

A

Water provides electrons and protons, and its photolysis produces oxygen as a byproduct.

29
Q

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

A

Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, which are used in cellular respiration to produce ATP.

30
Q

What is the main product of the Calvin cycle?

A

The main product of the Calvin cycle is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), which can be converted into glucose.

31
Q

How does carbon dioxide concentration affect photosynthesis?

A

Increased carbon dioxide concentration can enhance the rate of photosynthesis until other factors become limiting.

32
Q

What is the role of ATP in photosynthesis?

A

ATP provides the energy required for various biochemical reactions in the Calvin cycle.

33
Q

What is the primary function of the thylakoid membranes?

A

Thylakoid membranes are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

34
Q

True or False: Chloroplasts are found in all plant cells.

A

False. Chloroplasts are primarily found in the cells of green tissues.

35
Q

What is the significance of the light-independent reactions?

A

Light-independent reactions convert chemical energy from ATP and NADPH into stable sugar molecules.

36
Q

What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis?

A

The limiting factors of photosynthesis include light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, and water availability.

37
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ cycle is also known as the Calvin cycle.

A

dark.

38
Q

What is the purpose of the antenna complex in photosynthesis?

A

The antenna complex captures and funnels light energy to the reaction center in the thylakoid membranes.

39
Q

How do environmental conditions affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Environmental conditions like temperature, light intensity, and water availability can significantly impact the rate of photosynthesis.

40
Q

True or False: Only green plants can perform photosynthesis.

A

False. Some algae and bacteria also perform photosynthesis.

41
Q

What is the role of RuBP in the Calvin cycle?

A

RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate) is the molecule that reacts with CO2 in the first step of the Calvin cycle.

42
Q

What type of light do plants primarily absorb for photosynthesis?

A

Plants primarily absorb blue and red light for photosynthesis.

43
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

A

chloroplast.

44
Q

What are the three phases of the Calvin cycle?

A

The three phases of the Calvin cycle are carbon fixation, reduction phase, and regeneration of RuBP.

45
Q

What effect does high temperature have on photosynthesis?

A

High temperatures can denature enzymes involved in photosynthesis, leading to a decrease in its rate.

46
Q

What is the role of light in the light-dependent reactions?

A

Light provides the energy needed to excite electrons, which are then used to generate ATP and NADPH.

47
Q

True or False: The oxygen produced in photosynthesis comes from carbon dioxide.

A

False. The oxygen produced comes from the splitting of water molecules.

Biology (13 decks)

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