Photosyntheisis (Chapter 11) Flashcards
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.
What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?
The two main stages of photosynthesis are the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).
Where in the plant does photosynthesis primarily occur?
Photosynthesis primarily occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?
The primary pigment involved in photosynthesis is chlorophyll.
What are the inputs of photosynthesis?
The inputs of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.
What is the main output of photosynthesis?
The main output of photosynthesis is glucose.
True or False: Photosynthesis occurs only during the day.
True.
What is the role of sunlight in photosynthesis?
Sunlight provides the energy needed to drive the chemical reactions of photosynthesis.
Fill in the blank: The light-dependent reactions take place in the _____ of the chloroplast.
thylakoid membranes.
What is produced during the light-dependent reactions?
During the light-dependent reactions, ATP and NADPH are produced.
What is the main purpose of the Calvin cycle?
The main purpose of the Calvin cycle is to convert carbon dioxide into glucose using ATP and NADPH.
Which gas is taken in by plants during photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide.
Which gas is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis?
Oxygen.
True or False: Photosynthesis can occur in the absence of light.
False.
What is the significance of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll absorbs light energy, primarily in the blue and red wavelengths, which is essential for photosynthesis.
What is the formula for photosynthesis?
The simplified formula for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
What role do stomata play in photosynthesis?
Stomata are small openings on the leaf surface that allow for gas exchange, letting carbon dioxide in and oxygen out.
What is photolysis?
Photolysis is the process of splitting water molecules into oxygen, protons, and electrons using light energy during the light-dependent reactions.
Fill in the blank: The enzyme _____ is essential for fixing carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.
RuBisCO.
What are the products of the light-dependent reactions used for?
The products, ATP and NADPH, are used in the Calvin cycle to synthesize glucose.
How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?
The rate of photosynthesis generally increases with temperature up to an optimal point, after which it declines.
What is the effect of light intensity on photosynthesis?
Increased light intensity typically increases the rate of photosynthesis until other factors become limiting.
Which type of plants typically perform CAM photosynthesis?
CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) plants, such as cacti and succulents, typically perform this type of photosynthesis.
What is the main difference between C3 and C4 photosynthesis?
C3 photosynthesis occurs in most plants and uses a three-carbon compound, while C4 photosynthesis uses a four-carbon compound to efficiently fix CO2.
True or False: All plants use the same type of photosynthesis.
False.
What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis?
NADP+ acts as an electron carrier, becoming reduced to NADPH during the light-dependent reactions.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoids in the chloroplast.
stroma.
What is the role of water in photosynthesis?
Water provides electrons and protons, and its photolysis produces oxygen as a byproduct.
What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, which are used in cellular respiration to produce ATP.
What is the main product of the Calvin cycle?
The main product of the Calvin cycle is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), which can be converted into glucose.
How does carbon dioxide concentration affect photosynthesis?
Increased carbon dioxide concentration can enhance the rate of photosynthesis until other factors become limiting.
What is the role of ATP in photosynthesis?
ATP provides the energy required for various biochemical reactions in the Calvin cycle.
What is the primary function of the thylakoid membranes?
Thylakoid membranes are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
True or False: Chloroplasts are found in all plant cells.
False. Chloroplasts are primarily found in the cells of green tissues.
What is the significance of the light-independent reactions?
Light-independent reactions convert chemical energy from ATP and NADPH into stable sugar molecules.
What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis?
The limiting factors of photosynthesis include light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, and water availability.
Fill in the blank: The _____ cycle is also known as the Calvin cycle.
dark.
What is the purpose of the antenna complex in photosynthesis?
The antenna complex captures and funnels light energy to the reaction center in the thylakoid membranes.
How do environmental conditions affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Environmental conditions like temperature, light intensity, and water availability can significantly impact the rate of photosynthesis.
True or False: Only green plants can perform photosynthesis.
False. Some algae and bacteria also perform photosynthesis.
What is the role of RuBP in the Calvin cycle?
RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate) is the molecule that reacts with CO2 in the first step of the Calvin cycle.
What type of light do plants primarily absorb for photosynthesis?
Plants primarily absorb blue and red light for photosynthesis.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
chloroplast.
What are the three phases of the Calvin cycle?
The three phases of the Calvin cycle are carbon fixation, reduction phase, and regeneration of RuBP.
What effect does high temperature have on photosynthesis?
High temperatures can denature enzymes involved in photosynthesis, leading to a decrease in its rate.
What is the role of light in the light-dependent reactions?
Light provides the energy needed to excite electrons, which are then used to generate ATP and NADPH.
True or False: The oxygen produced in photosynthesis comes from carbon dioxide.
False. The oxygen produced comes from the splitting of water molecules.
