phospholipids

Question 1

know the different components of the structure of a phospholipid?

Answer 1

• a glycerol backbone
• two fatty acid groups
• phosphate linked to a head group

Question 2

this is almost always a saturated fatty acid

Answer 2

R1 = hydrocarbon chain 1

Question 3

this is almost always an unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 3

R2 = hydrocarbon chain 2

Question 4

these are an integral component of cell membranes and lipoproteins, storage of fatty acids, and signalling molecules within cells. these are essential for providing several critical molecules involved in the regulation of various cell activities

Answer 4

phospholipids

Question 5

what is the starting material for the biosynthesis of phospholipids

Answer 5

phosphatidic acid or diacylglycerol

Question 6

what is attached to the C3 OH group? (this reaction eliminates two H2O groups)

Answer 6

head group

Question 7

the catabolism of phospholipids involves the hydrolysis of fatty acids or head groups by a group of enzymes known as ____________. e.g. A1,A2, C and D

Answer 7

phospholipases (PLase)

Question 8

this phospholipase removes the fatty acid from hydrocarbon chain 1 and generates a lysophospholipid

Answer 8

A1

Question 9

this phospholipase removes the fatty acid from hydrocarbon chain 2 and generates a lysophospholipid

Answer 9

A2

Question 10

many toxic _________ contain highly active PLaseA1 and PLaseA2 enzymes that cause cell membrane damage that can kill someone!

Answer 10

snake venoms

Question 11

mammals use _________ to release arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) from the sn-2 positions of PLs. the releases arachidonic acid is rapidly enzymatically modified to produce eicosanoids

Answer 11

phospholipase A2

Question 12

potent lipid signalling molecules involved in regulating many physiological events including reproduction, inflammation, pain, fever, blood pressure

Answer 12

eicosanoids

Question 13

__________ inhibits the production of omega–6 fatty acid derived eicosanoids

Answer 13

omega-3 fatty acids

Question 14

________ fatty acids are inflammatory while _______ fatty acids are anti-inflammatory

Answer 14

omega 6; omega 3

Question 15

this phospholipase liberates the phospholipids-headgroup and diacylglycerol from PL

Answer 15

phospholipase C

Question 16

__________ liberated by PLase C functions as a potent intracellular signalling molecule that regulate cellular Ca2+

Answer 16

diacylglycerol

Question 17

this phospholipase converts a phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylinositol into phosphatidic acid. phosphatidic acid produced through this route can be used toward the synthesis of triacylglycrol or new phospholipids

Answer 17

phospholipase D