Phonology Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Phonology

A

Is the study of the abstract categories

that organize the sound system of a language.

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2
Q

Spectrogram

A

A spectrogram is a graphic representation of the frequency distribution of the complex jumble of sound waves that
give the hearing impression of speech sounds.

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3
Q

Phoneme

A

Unit of sound that distinguishes one word from another in a particular language.

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4
Q

Phone

A

A physical realisation of a speech sound like the voiceless or the voiced alveolar approximant

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5
Q

Allophones of the phoneme

A

Phones which function as alternant realisations of the same phoneme

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6
Q

Narrow transcription

A

If we want to analyse allophones of a particular phoneme, it is sometimes necessary to include additional articulatory details in the transcription

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7
Q

Distribution

A

Refers to the different positions in which a speech sound can occur or cannot occur in the words of a language.

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8
Q

Complementary distribution

A

The distributional facts make it very likely that [ɹ] and [ɹ ̥] belong to the samephoneme in the sound system of English.

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9
Q

Minimal pairs

A

A minimal pair is a pair of words which

differ in only one sound, but differ in meaning.

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10
Q

Free variation

A

Speakers can choose which allophone they use

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11
Q

Released

A

You notice that /p/ is realised differently, or, to be precise, you really see /p/ only in spectrogram

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12
Q

Unreleased

A

You see mostly white space. The air pressure is not released.

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13
Q

Neutralisation

A

In a particular context, a contrast between phonemes becomes invisible.

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14
Q

Final devoicing

A

A voiced phoneme has a voiceless allophone in word-final position.

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15
Q

Velarised

A

Has three different realisations.

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16
Q

Dark 1

A

Auditory Impression/

17
Q

Clear 1

A

Auditory Impression/

18
Q

Aspirated

A

The variant of /p/ that occurs in pin is called an

aspirated stop.

19
Q

Aspiration

A

The process of aspirating stops.

20
Q

Flapping

A

The phonemic contrast is, however, neutralised in intervocalic position.

21
Q

Non-rhotic

A

R-sounds do not seem to occur in word-final position

22
Q

Rhotic

A

Varieties of English are those in which r-sounds can occur in word-final position.

23
Q

Constituents

A

Like all elements of linguistic structure,

the elements that make up a syllable are termed constituents.

24
Q

Syllabic consonants

A

Consonants which occupy the central part of the syllable

25
Q

Nucleus

A

The nucleus can be filled by a vowel, a diphthong,

or a syllabic consonant.