Morphology

Question 1

affix

Answer 1

an additional element placed at the beginning or end of a root, stem, or word, or in the body of a word, to modify its meaning

Question 2

affixation

Answer 2

the process of adding affixes to roots or bases in order to vary function, modify meaning

Question 3

agglutinating language

Answer 3

is a language which has a morphological system in which words as a rule are polymorphemic and where each morpheme corresponds to a single lexical meaning

Question 4

allomorph

Answer 4

a variant phonological form of a morpheme, or, a unit of meaning that varies in sound or spelling without changing the meaning

Question 5

alternation

Answer 5

Its the phenomenon of a morpheme exhibiting variation in its phonological realization. Each of the various realizations is called an alternant. The variation may be conditioned by the phonological, morphological, and/or syntactic environment in which the morpheme finds itself

Question 6

ambiguity

Answer 6

quality of language that makes speech or written text open to multiple interpretations

Question 7

analytic language

Answer 7

is a language that primarily conveys relationships between words in sentences by way of helper words and word order, as opposed to utilizing inflections

Question 8

bound morpheme

Answer 8

is a word element that cannot stand alone as a word, including both prefixes and suffixes

Question 9

bound root

Answer 9

A bound root is a root which cannot occur as a separate word apart from any other morpheme.

Question 10

closed lexical category

Answer 10

refers to the category of function words—that is, parts of speech (or word classes)—that don’t readily accept new members. The closed classes in English include pronouns, determiners, conjunctions, and prepositions.

Question 11

conjunction

Answer 11

elements that link two or more words, phrases, clauses, or sentences within a larger unit, in such a way that a specific semantic relation is established between them

Question 12

content morpheme

Answer 12

A content morpheme or contentive morpheme is a root that forms the semantic core of a major class word. Content morphemes have lexical denotations that are not dependent on the context or on other morphemes

Question 13

content word

Answer 13

content words are words that possess semantic content and contribute to the meaning of the sentence in which they occur.

Question 14

derivation

Answer 14

the process of forming a new word from an existing word, often by adding a prefix or suffix, such as un- or -ness

Question 15

determiner

Answer 15

is a word, phrase, or affix that occurs together with a noun or noun phrase and serves to express the reference of that noun or noun phrase in the context

Question 16

form

Answer 16

a meaningful unit of speech

Question 17

free morpheme

Answer 17

a free morpheme is one that can stand alone

Question 18

function morpheme

Answer 18

s a morpheme which simply modifies the meaning of a word, rather than supplying the root meaning

Question 19

function word

Answer 19

words that have little lexical meaning or have ambiguous meaning and express grammatical relationships among other words within a sentence, or specify the attitude or mood words that have little lexical meanin

Question 20

fusional language

Answer 20

a language in which one form of a morpheme can simultaneously encode several meanings

Question 21

hierarchical structure

Answer 21

ways in which human culture requires an overarching structure to relate to in order to communicate.

Question 22

homophony

Answer 22

is when a set of words are pronounced identically, but have different meanings

Question 23

incorporation

Answer 23

a phenomenon by which a grammatical category, such as a verb, forms a compound with its direct object or adverbial modifier, while retaining its original syntactic function

Question 24

infix

Answer 24

affix inserted inside a word stem. It contrasts with adfix, a rare term for an affix attached to the outside of a stem such as a prefix or suffix

Question 25

inflection

Answer 25

is a suffix that’s added to a word (a noun, verb, adjective or an adverb) to assign a particular grammatical property to that word, such as its tense, number, possession, or comparison

Question 26

input

Answer 26

the exposure learners have to authentic language in use. This can be from various sources, including the teacher, other learners, and the environment around the learners

Question 27

lexical category

Answer 27

is open if the new word and the original word belong to the same category

Question 28

lexicon

Answer 28

A lexicon is the knowledge that a native speaker has about a language. This includes information about

the form and meanings of words and phrases
lexical categorization
the appropriate usage of words and phrases
relationships between words and phrases, and
categories of words and phrases.

Question 29

morpheme

Answer 29

meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided

Question 30

morphology

Answer 30

the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language

Question 31

open lexical category

Answer 31

A lexical category is open if the new word and the original word belong to the same category.

Question 32

output

Answer 32

is the language they produce, either in speaking or writing

Question 33

partial reduplication

Answer 33

s a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word (or part of it) or even the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change

Question 34

polysynthetic language

Answer 34

highly synthetic languages, i.e. languages in which words are composed of many morphemes

Question 35

prefix

Answer 35

an affix which is placed before the stem of a word

Question 36

preposition

Answer 36

must always be followed by a noun or pronoun in a sentence. It can never be followed by a verb.

Question 37

productive

Answer 37

the degree to which native speakers use a particular grammatical process, especially in word formation. It compares grammatical processes that are in frequent use to less frequently used ones that tend towards lexicalization.

Question 38

pronoun

Answer 38

is a word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase. It is a particular case of a pro-form.

Question 39

reduplicant

Answer 39

is a word-formation process in which meaning is expressed by repeating all or part of a word

Question 40

reduplication

Answer 40

is a word-formation process in which meaning is expressed by repeating all or part of a word

Question 41

root

Answer 41

A root is a word that does not have a prefix in front of the word or a suffix at the end of the word. The root word is the primary lexical unit of a word, and of a word family, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents

Question 42

simultaneous affix

Answer 42

An affix is articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a word’s stem; exists only in visual-gestural languages

Question 43

stem

Answer 43

part of a word used with slightly different meanings and would depend on the morphology of the language in question

Question 44

suffix

Answer 44

an affix which is placed after the stem of a word

Question 45

suppletion

Answer 45

the occurrence of an unrelated form to fill a gap in a conjugation