Phonology-ENG 211

Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

The study of categories that organize the sound system of a language.

Question 2

Spectogram

Answer 2

Used with the help of a speech analysis program its a graphic representation of the frequency distribution of the complex jumble of sound waves that give the hearing impression of speech sounds.

Question 3

Phone

Answer 3

A physical realisation of a speech sound like the voiceless or the voiced alveolar approximant.

Question 4

Allophones of the Phoneme

Answer 4

Phones which function as alternant realisations of the same phoneme.

Question 5

Distribution

Answer 5

Refers to the different positions in which a speech sound can occur or cannot occur in the words of a language.

Question 6

Complementary Distribution.

Answer 6

Two sounds which are distributed in such a way that one can only occur where the other cannot occur.

Question 7

Minimal Pair

Answer 7

A pair of words which differ in only one sound, but differ in meaning

Question 8

Final Devoicing

Answer 8

The fact that a voiced phoneme has a voiceless allophone in word-final position.

Question 9

Aspirated Stop

Answer 9

The variant of /p/ that occurs in pin.

Question 10

Aspiration

Answer 10

The process of aspirating stops.

Question 11

t/d Flapping

Answer 11

Here both /t/ and /d/ can be realized as [ɾ].

Question 12

Rhotic Varieties of English

Answer 12

Those in which r-sounds can occur in word-final position

Question 13

Constituents

Answer 13

The elements that make up a syllable.

Question 14

Syllabic Consonants

Answer 14

Consonants which occupy the central part of the syllable.

Question 15

Nucleus of the syllable

Answer 15

Our ‘slot for a vowel’.

Question 16

Onset

Answer 16

Prevocalic Slot

Question 17

Coda

Answer 17

Postvocalic Slot.

Question 18

Vowel Epenthesis

Answer 18

Insertion of vowels into syllables.

Question 19

Syllabification

Answer 19

Assigning syllable structure to words.

Question 20

Sonority

Answer 20

The definition for the category that captures our acoustic impression of ‘clear audibility’.

Question 21

Maximal Onset Principle

Answer 21

Given a sequence of consonants and vowels, syllabification proceeds in such a way that as many consonants as possible end up in an onset, even
if the language allows codas.

Question 22

Non-Rhotic Varieties of English

Answer 22

R-sounds do not seem to occur in word-final position.

Question 23

Velarised

Answer 23

The third realisation of /l/ found in (14), [ɫ].

Question 24

Dark l

Answer 24

Realisation of /l/.

Question 25

Clear I

Answer 25

The non-velarised realisation [l].