Module 9 Vocabulary

Question 1

Phonetics(Children Learn)

Answer 1

The sounds of a language

Question 2

Phonology(Children Learn)

Answer 2

The sound patterns of a language

Question 3

Morphology(Children Learn)

Answer 3

Rules of word-formation

Question 4

Syntax(Children Learn)

Answer 4

How words combine into phrases/sentences

Question 5

Semantics(Children Learn)

Answer 5

How to derive meaning from a sentence

Question 6

Pragmatics(Children Learn)

Answer 6

How to properly use language in context

Question 7

Universal Grammar (UG)

Answer 7

refers to the “set of structural

characteristics shared by all languages”

Question 8

Innateness Hypothesis

Answer 8

argues that our ability to acquire

human) language is innate (genetically encoded

Question 9

Innate

Answer 9

Determined by factors present from birth.

Question 10

Imitation Theory

Answer 10

Theory of language acquisition that claims that children acquire language by listening to the speech around them and reproducing what they hear.

Question 11

Reinforcement Theory

Answer 11

Theory of language acquisition that says that children learn to speak like adults because they are rewarded when they use the right forms and are corrected when they use the wrong ones.

Question 12

Linguistic Universals

Answer 12

Property believed to be held in common by all natural languages.

Question 13

Connection Theories

Answer 13

Theory of language acquisition that claims that children learn language through neural connections in the brain.

Question 14

Social Interaction Theory

Answer 14

Theory of language acquisition that claims that children acquire language through social interaction.

Question 15

Critical Period

Answer 15

Age span during which children must have exposure to language and must build the critical brain structures necessary in order to gain native speaker.

Question 16

High Amplitude Sucking

Answer 16

Experimental technique used to study sound discrimination in infants from birth to about six months.

Question 17

Conditioned Head-Turn Procedure

Answer 17

Experimental technique used with infants between five and eighteen months with two phases conditioning and testing.

Question 18

Feral Children

Answer 18

Children who grew up homeless with no parents.

Question 19

Voice Onset Time (VOT)

Answer 19

The length of time between the release of a consonant and the onset of voicing.

Question 20

Babble

Answer 20

A phase in child language acquisition during which the child produces meaningless sequences of consonants and vowels.

Question 21

Variegated Babbling

Answer 21

Production of meaningless consonant-vowel sequences by infants.

Question 22

Canonical Babbling

Answer 22

The continuous repetition of sequences of vowels and consonants like by infants.

Question 23

Overgeneralization

Answer 23

In the study of child language acquisition, a process in which children extend the application of linguistic rules to contexts beyond those in the adult language.

Question 24

Telegraphic Stage

Answer 24

When children use utterances composed primarily of content words.

Question 25

Holophrase

Answer 25

A one-word sentence.

Question 26

Complexive Concept

Answer 26

A group of items that a child refers to with a single word for which it is not possible to single out any one property.

Question 27

Overextension

Answer 27

the child’s application of a given word has a wider range than the application of the same word in adult language.

Question 28

Underextension

Answer 28

an application of a word to a smaller set of objects that is appropriate for mature adult speech.

Question 29

Deictic Expressions

Answer 29

Word that takes its meaning relative to the time, place, and speaker of the utterance.

Question 30

Relational Term

Answer 30

Type of relationship between adjective and noun reference where the reference of the adjective is determined relative to the noun reference.

Question 31

Deictic Expressions

Answer 31

Word that takes its meaning relative to the time, place, and speaker of the utterance.

Question 32

Infant-Directed Speech

Answer 32

Speech used by parents or caregivers when communicating with young children or infants.

Question 33

Child-Directed Speech

Answer 33

Speech used by parents or caregivers when communicating with young children or infants.

Question 34

Attention Holders

Answer 34

A tactic used to maintain children’s attention for extended amounts of time.

Question 35

Conversational Turns

Answer 35

The contribution to a conversation made by one speaker from the time that she takes the floor from another speaker to the time that she passes the floor on to another speaker.

Question 36

Simultaneous Bilingualism

Answer 36

Bilingualism in which both languages are acquired from infancy.

Question 37

Sequential Bilingualism

Answer 37

Bilingualism in which the second language is acquired as a young child.

Question 38

Multilingual

Answer 38

Being able to speak three or more languages.

Question 39

Bilingual

Answer 39

Being able to speak two languages

Question 40

Second-Language Acquisition

Answer 40

Acquisition of a second language as a teenager or adult (after the critical period).