Phonology and Transcription Flashcards
Citation style of speech
Style of speech when carefully pronouncing words
Broad transcription
Simplest form of transcription
Phonology
Description of systems and patterns of sounds of a language
Phonemic transcription
Contains only phonemes
Minimal set
Pair of words that differ only by one sound
Diphthong
Movement from one vowel to another in a single syllable
Caught-cot merger
- Caught [kɔt] vs cot [kɑt]
- UK, Eastern US
- In some varieties of English, original [ɔ] is now pronounced as [ɑ]
- Caught [kɑt] vs cot [kɑt]
3 main components of speech mechanism
The airstream process, the phonation process, and the oro-nasal process
Diacritics
Added to modify a segment
English Aspiration
In English, /p/, /t/, /k/ preceding a vowel at the beginning of a word or stressed syllable are aspirated to [pʰ], [tʰ], [kʰ]
English Plural Voicing Assimilation
Plural morpheme of English is sometimes a voiceless alveolar fricative /s/ (after voiceless consonant) and sometimes a voiced alveolar fricative /z/ (after voiced consonant)
Devoicing
Devoiced: after a voiceless stop at the beginning of the word or stressed syllable e.g. [l̥]
Voiced: elsewhere
____ vowels are longer than ____ vowels
tense vowels are notably longer than lax vowels
Allophones
Result of phonological rules, do not create contrast
Dark and clear L
Dark L [ɬ] is articulated by pressing the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and bringing the back of the tongue towards the velum. It appears only in codas.
Tap allophone of /t/ and /d/ symbol
[ɾ]
systematic phonetic transcription
Shows allophones with all the rule-governed alterations between them
impressionistic transcription
Only phonetic transcription with no rules
