Phonology

Question 1

Spectrogram

Answer 1

A spectrogram is a graphic representation of the frequency distribution of the complex jumble of sound waves that give the hearing impression of speech sounds.

Question 2

Phoneme

Answer 2

The smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish one word from another

Question 3

Allophones of the phoneme

Answer 3

A linguistically non-significant variant of a phoneme, or a possible spoken sound used to pronounce a phoneme in a language

Question 4

Narrow transcription

Answer 4

A detailed phonetic transcription that captures the precise articulatory features of speech sounds

Question 5

Complementary distribution

Answer 5

A linguistic term that describes the relationship between two speech sounds or linguistic forms that appear in different, non-overlapping environments

Question 6

Free variation

Answer 6

A phenomenon where multiple sounds or forms can appear in the same environment without changing the meaning of the word or being considered incorrect.

Question 7

Neutralisation

Answer 7

The process of removing distinctive features from phonemes in certain contexts

Question 8

Aspiration

Answer 8

This is a process that involves adding a puff of air to a sound or noise

Question 9

Rhotic

Answer 9

Relating to or denoting a dialect or variety of english

Question 10

Constituents

Answer 10

A word or group of words that function as a unit within a sentence, phrase, or clause

Question 11

Onset

Answer 11

The initial consonant sound, blend, or digraph that comes before a vowel sound in a word

Question 12

Vowel epenthesis

Answer 12

A phonological process expected up to the age of 3 1/2 years

Question 13

Sonority

Answer 13

The inherent loudness of sounds relative to one another

Question 14

Final devoicing

Answer 14

A phonological process that happnes when a voiced consonant at thee end of a word is replaced by a voiceless consonant

Question 15

Phonology

Answer 15

The study of the abstract categories that organise the sound system of a language.

Question 16

Phone

Answer 16

A physical realisation of a speech sound like the voiceless or voiced alveolar approximant

Question 17

Distribution

Answer 17

How speech sounds or linguistic forms are arranged

Question 18

Minimal pairs

Answer 18

Pairs of words that differ by only one sound, and that difference changes the meanign of the word

Question 19

Flapping

Answer 19

A process in which the tongue quickly touches the roof of the mouth to create a soft voiced sound

Question 20

Syllabic Consonants

Answer 20

A consonant that forms a syllable on its own

Question 21

Syllabification

Answer 21

The process of dividing a word into its syllables, whether it’s written, spoken, or signed

Question 22

Maximal Onset Principle

Answer 22

A phonological priciple that determines how syllables are divided

Question 23

Sonority Sequencing Principle

Answer 23

A linguistic constraint that explains the structure of syllables in terms of sonority

Question 24

Released v.s Unreleased

Answer 24

Released as the undoing, or departure from any articulatory closure, including glottal closure and Unreleased as the keeping of oral closure

Question 25

Unreleased

Answer 25

Keeping of oral closure