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SSD in Kids > Phonological Processes (from TA) > Flashcards

Phonological Processes (from TA) Flashcards

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1
Q

Distinctive Features - Place

Labial; Labiodental

A

[+round]

[+labiodental]

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2
Q

Distinctive Features - Place

Coronal

A

[+anterior]
for alveolar forward and interdental-palatal

Consonants articulated with tip of tongue

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3
Q

Distinctive Features - Place

dorsal

A

[+back]
[+high]
[+low]
velars

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4
Q

Vowel Features

A

high
low
back
round

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5
Q

Distinctive Features - Manner:

Syllabic

A

syllabic consonants /m, n, l/ and vowels

in the English words rhythm, button and bottle

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6
Q

Distinctive Features - Manner:

consonantal

A

all consonants except glides

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7
Q

Distinctive Features - Manner:

sonorant

A

vowels, glides, liquids, nasals

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8
Q

Distinctive Features - Manner:

continuant

A

fricatives, glides, liquids

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9
Q

Distinctive Features - Manner:

vocalic

A

all sonorants, vowels

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10
Q

Distinctive Features - Manner:

strident

A

Fricatives (not interdental) and affricates

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11
Q

Distinctive Features - Manner:

lateral

A

/l/

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12
Q

Distinctive Features - Manner:

nasal

A

/n/, /m/, /ng/

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13
Q

Distinctive Features - Manner:

tense vowels

A

/i,e,u,o,ɑ,ɔ,ɝ/

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14
Q

Distinctive Features - Manner:

voice

A

+/-

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15
Q

Phonological Process - syllable structure

syllable deletion

A

syllable deletion: deletion of unstressed syllable

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16
Q

Phonological Process - syllable structure

consonant deletion

A

consonant deletion: deletion of final consonant (most common); initial consonant (idiosyncratic)

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17
Q

Phonological Process - syllable structure

reduplication

A

reduplication: partial or total repetition of a syllable

eg wawa

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18
Q

Phonological Process - syllable structure

consonant cluster reduction

A

cluster reduction: total deletion or reduction of cluster

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19
Q

Phonological Process - syllable structure

Epenthesis

A

Epenthesis: inserting vowel (typically /ə/) between 2 consonants or final position or initial position

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20
Q

Phonological Process - substitution

Stopping

A

Stopping: replace fricative or affricate with stop or replace continuent with stop, nasal or affricate

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21
Q

Phonological Process - substitution

velar fronting

A

velar fronting: replacing a velar /k g ŋ/ with more anterior phoneme particularly alveolar /t d n/

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22
Q

Phonological Process - substitution

Palatal fronting

A

palatal fronting: replacing palatal fricative /ʃ ʒ/ with alveolar fricative /s z/

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23
Q

Phonological Process - substitution

affrication aka deaffrication

A

alveolar affrication: replacing affricate/tʃ dʒ/ with non-affricate

Affricate —> nonaffricate

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24
Q

Phonological Process - substitution

backing

A

backing: replacing anterior consonant with posterior consonant

Idiosyncratic process

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25
Q

Phonological Process - substitution

stridency deletion

A

stirdency deletion: deleting or replacing strident /f v s z ʃ ʒ ʈʃ dʒ/ with nonstrident

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26
Q

Phonological Process - substitution

deaffrication

A

deaffrication: affricate —> fricative

replacing affricate with fricative

doesn’t have to be in same place

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27
Q

Phonological Process - substitution

gliding

A

gliding: replacing liquids with glides

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28
Q

Phonological Process - substitution

vowelization/ vocalization

A

replacing syllabic liquids /l/ with vowels

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29
Q

Phonological Process - assimilation

velar

A

alveolar /t d s z n/ –> velar /k g ŋ/

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30
Q

Phonological Process - assimilation

labial

A

nonlabial –> labial

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31
Q

Phonological Process - assimilation

alveolar

A

nonalveolar –> alveolar /t d s z n l/

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32
Q

Phonological Process - assimilation

nasal

A

non-nasal –> nasal

33
Q

Phonological Process - assimilation

prevocalic voicing

A

voiceless –> voiced before vowel

34
Q

Phonological Process - assimilation

final consonant/postvocalic devoicing

A

voiced –> voiceless after vowel

35
Q

Phonological Process - assimilation

coalescence

A

features from 2 adjacent sounds combine into 1 sound

36
Q

Phonological Process - atypical cluster reduction

A

deletion of sound usually retained

/pleɪ/ –> [leɪ]

/peɪ/ is the typical reduction because /l/ is a later developing sound

/trʌk –> [rʌk] is atypical because /r/ is later developing
/trʌk –> [tʌk] is typical reduction

37
Q

Phonological Process - initial consonant reduction (atypical)

A

initial consonant (SIWI) reduction is atypical

final consonant (SFWF) deletion is common

38
Q

Phonological Process - medial consonant reduction (atypical)

A

deletion of intervocalic consonant

/biɾəl/ –> [bioʊ/

more common to form a substitution in medial not delete phoneme entirely

39
Q

Phonological Processes - Apicalization (atypical)

A

a labial is replaced by an apical (tongue tip) consonant

/boʊ/ –> [doʊ]

40
Q

Phonological Processes - backing of stops (atypical)

A

replace anterior stop with posterior stop

/toʊ/ –> [koʊ]

fronting is common; backing is not
backing is PLACE change usually velar

41
Q

Phonological Processes - backing of fricative (atypical)

A

replace anterior fricative /f v θ ð s z/ with posterior fricative /ʃ, ʒ/

more common children bring articulation forward and take an affricate and turn it into a fricative

less common to form palatal from an alveolar sound like alveolar fricative /s/ becomes palatal fricative /ʃ/

42
Q

Phonological Processes - glottal replacement (atypical)

A

replace medial or final (usually stop consonant) with glottal stop

stopping is maintained but brought so far back to glottal

43
Q

Phonological Processes - medial consonant substituions (atypical)

A

replace intervocalic consonant with one or more phonemes

/bʌɾɚ/ –> [bʌjə]

44
Q

Phonological Processes - denasalization (atypical)

A

nasal replaced with non-nasal

manner change

45
Q

Phonological Processes - devoicing of stops (atypical)

A

replaced voiced stop /b d g/ with voiceless /p t k/ (usually stop) in INITIAL position (SIWI)

devoicing FINAL consonant stop is typical
devoicing INITIAL stop is atypical

46
Q

Phonological Processes - fricatives replacing stops (atypical)

A

stop –> fricative

early developing stop is replaced by later developing fricative

47
Q

Phonological Processes - stops replaced glides (atypical)

A

glide –> stop (atypical)

Stop —> glide (typical)

48
Q

Phonological Processes - Metathesis (atypical)

A

reversal of position of 2 sounds - may or may not be adjacent

“most’ –> /moʊst/ –> [moʊts]

common idiosyncratic process

49
Q

Phonological Processes - Migration (atypical)

A

movement of sound from one position in a word to another

/soʊp/ –> [poʊs]

50
Q

Phonological Processes - stops replacing liquids (atypical)

A

liquids /l r/ –> stop

51
Q

Phonological Processes - vowel backing (feature change)

A

front vowels replaced with back (posterior) vowels

/æ/ –> [ɑ]

52
Q

Phonological Processes - vowel lowering (feature change)

A

high vowel replaced with low vowel

/ɪ/ –> [ɛ]

53
Q

Phonological Processes - vowel centralization (feature change)

A

vowel replaced with more central vowel

/e/ –> [ʌ]

54
Q

Phonological Processes - vowel surrounding (feature change)

A

vowel that is normally rounded /u ʊ o ɔ/is produced without rounding

55
Q

Phonological Processes - dipthongization (complexity change)

A

monothong produced as dipthong

56
Q

Phonological Processes - dipthong reduction (complexity change)

A

dipthong reduced to monothong

57
Q

Phonological Processes - complete vowel harmony

A

one vowel is changed so that both vowels in the word are the same

vowel harmony = vowel assimilation

58
Q

Phonological Processes - tenseness harmony

A

lax vowels becomes tense when there is another tense vowel in the same word

vowel harmony = vowel assimilation

59
Q

Phonological Processes - height vowel harmony

A

when vowel is replaced with a vowel that is closer in production to the height of another vowel in the word

both vowels are high or both vowels are ow or both vowels are centralized

vowel harmony = vowel assimilation

60
Q

Phonological Processes - consonant-vowel harmony

A

vowel change due to the neighboring consonant

example: vowel becomes more forward if adjacent consonant is more forward

vowel harmony = vowel assimilation

61
Q

Phonological Processes - Derhoticization

A

loss of /r/ coloring in consonants and vowels

/ɝ ɚ/ –> [ə]

62
Q

Phonological Processes - Reduction of rhotic dipthongs

A

simplification of rhotic dipthongs

Rhotic Dipthongs:
ɔɚ
ɑɚ
ɛɚ
uɚ
63
Q

order of acquisition of sounds

A
  1. nasals
  2. stops
  3. glides
  4. fricatives
  5. liquids
  6. affricates

Never Say Girls Fight Like Amateurs

64
Q

process by which velars and palatals are replaced by alveolars

A

fronting

place of articulation moves from back to front of mouth

65
Q

type of reduplication that occurs when the two syllables are not identical

A

partial

66
Q

process suggested by the deletion of an /s/ regardless of word position

A

stridency deletion

67
Q

process by which labials or interdentals are replaced by alveolar sounds

A

alveolarization

/f/ –> [s] or /θ/ –> [s]

68
Q

process that affects both of the liquids /l, r/

A

gliding

69
Q

EX: /stov/ –> [tov]

A

cluster deletion/reduction

70
Q

process suggested by the replacement of an /s/ –> /ʃ/

A

palatalization

71
Q

group that includes nasals, glides and liquids

A

sonorants

72
Q

syllable typically deleted in syllable deletion

A

weak

73
Q

process suggested by the replacement of /tʃ/ –> /s/

A

deaffrication

74
Q

category made up of the fricatives, affricates and stops

A

obstruents

75
Q

EX: /bot/ –> [ot]

A

intial-consonant deletion

76
Q

EX: /to/ –> [ko]

A

backing or velarization

77
Q

place in which /w, p, f/

A

labial

78
Q

dipthongs

A 
/aɪ/ "bye"
/ɔɪ/ "boy" 
/ɑʊ/ "cow"
/eɪ/ "bait"
/oʊ/ "rope"

SSD in Kids (3 decks)

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