Midterm Study Guide Flashcards
What is syllable/word structure analysis
Consonants and vowels
of syllables
CV - open syllable
CVC - closed syllable
/bit/ → CVC
/brek/ → CCVC
What is a word-position analysis
The number of times a sound is produced in word position
Model replica chart
Consonant position within a word
Initial
Medial
Final
Consonant position within a syllable
SIWI: syllable initial word initial
SIWW: syllable initial word within
SFWF: syllable final word final
SFWW: syllable final word within
Consonant position in relation to the vowel
Prevocalic: before vowel
Postvocalic: after vowel (the final consonant in a word is postvocalic)
Intervocalic: between vowels
What is a syllable
Smallest grouping of segments
Each syllable has a peak (vowel) but may not always have onset (beginning of syllable with consonant) and coda (ending syllable with consonant)
Rime = peak + coda Rime = peak (when open syllable)
Define distinctive feature
Any phonetic characteristic of a group of sounds which serves to distinguish that group from another group of sounds
Phonemes can be broken down into a group of features to distinguish one from the other
Major CLASS features - relates to MANNER of production
[+Syllabic] [+Consonantal] [+Sonorant] [+Strident] [+Lateral] [+Nasal]
[+Syllabic]
Form the nucleus of a syllable
Vowels and glides
[+Consonantal]
Produced with a narrow (continuant) or complete constriction (interrupted) in vocal tract
All consonants except glides
[+Sonorant]
Vocal tract configuration allows for spontaneous voicing
Vowels, glides, liquids, nasals
[+Strident]
Noisy sounds produced by forcing the airstream though a small opening resulting in production of intense noise
Fricatives (not interdentals) and affricates
[+Lateral]
Point of constriction is midline
Lateral liquid /l/
Major PLACE features - relates to PLACE of articulation
[+Labial] - level of lips
[+Coronal} - tip of tongue
[+Dorsal] - posterior oral cavity
What are the two distinctive features that describe vowels?
All vowels are sonorant and vocalic and differ by cavity features —> articulatory range within oral cavity
Class - sonorant and vocalic
Cavity - high low back rounded
All vowels are…
Voiced
Non-nasal
Influenced by surrounding sounds (coarticulation)
SSD can result from impairments in…
Sensory Structural Motor Syndrome Phonological
What are the 2 etiological factors for SSD
Organic - neurological, structural or physical
Functional - the cause in TD children can not be determined
What is a phonetic disorder
Errors in speech sound production/articulation caused by motor issues
Phonemic contrast is preserved
What is a phonological disorder
Difficulty using phonemes to differentiate meaning
Loss of phonemic contrast
What is prosody
Stress and intonation
A suprasegmental aspect of speech that contributes to speech sounding natural
Segmentals vs suprasegmentals
Segmentals: sounds and features (phonemes), word position
Suprasegmentals: elements of speech above the sounds
stress, prosody, syllable # (prosodic), word length
What are the 2 main contexts for prosody
Phrasal stress aka sentential stress
Lexical stress
Lexical stress vs phrasal stress
Phrasal stress - produced across a sentence or phrase to emphasizing words to make a point Impacts how phrase is understood
Lexical stress- word stress of any word that is 2 or more syllables; multisyllabic words can have more than one level of stress - primary or secondary