Phonological Processes

Question 1

Reduplication/Doubling

Answer 1

Repetition of a syllable of a target word resulting in the creation of a multisyllabic word form.
Total bottle-baba
Partial bottle-bata

Question 2

Diminutization

Answer 2

Addition of the /i/ vowel to the target word
Cuppy
Mommy

Question 3

Epenthesis

Answer 3

Insertion of an unstressed vowel, usually the schwa, between two consonants
blue-balue
Ski- Eski

Question 4

Final consonant deletion

Answer 4

Omission of a final singleton consonant in a word. Deletion of a cluster is also considered FCD. Be aware of closed syll vs open syll.

Question 5

Initial consonant deletion

Answer 5

Omission of a singleton consonant in initial word position

FIRST FOCUS decreases intelligibility

Question 6

Cluster reduction/cluster simplification

Answer 6

Deletion or substitution of some or all members of a cluster.
Total broom-oom
Partial broom- boom

Question 7

Stopping

Answer 7

Substitution of stops for fricatives and Affricates

Farm- tarm

Question 8

Deaffrication

Answer 8

Replacement of the velars k,g,n with sounds in more anterior position, t d n
Cup-tup

Question 9

Depalatalization

Answer 9

Substitution of an alveolar Fricative for a Palatal Fricative or an alveolar affricate for a palatal affricate s h j

Question 10

Backing

Answer 10

Sounds with an anterior point of constriction are replaced by posterior sounds t,d, to k, g

Question 11

Liquid gliding

Answer 11

Substitution of a glide for a pre vocalic liquid. May occur in consonant clusters

Question 12

Vocalization

Answer 12

Substitution of a vowel for a syllabic liquid er replaced by any other vowel
Butter-butta
Chair- Cha

Question 13

Labial assimilation

Answer 13

Nonlabial consonant becomes a labial because of the influence of another labial sound in a word
Monkey-mummy

Question 14

Velar assimilation

Answer 14

Assimilation of a nonvelar sound to a velar sound

Cot-cock

Question 15

Nasal assimilation

Answer 15

Nonnasal sounds assimilates to become a nasal

Not-non

Question 16

Alveolar assimilation

Answer 16

Assimilation of a nonalveolar sound to an alveolar sound

Tuck-tut

Question 17

Pre vocalic voicing

Answer 17

A voiceless sound preceding a vowel becomes voiced

Tode-dode

Question 18

Post vocalic voicing

Answer 18

A voiced obstruent following a vowel becomes voiceless or devoiced
Buzz-bus

Question 19

Unstressed syllable deletion

Answer 19

Omission of one or more syllables from a polysyllabic word
Banana-nana
Butterfly-buhfly