Phonological Approach Flashcards
What are phonological processes? How do kids learn?
Rules used by children to help them get by with speech. Children learn by rule rather than by sound!
Who is the phonological approach used for?
Kids who are highly unintelligible with a lot of phonological processes that need to be addressed.
What is Hodson’s Assessment of Phonological Processes?
Test that is descriptive in nature. Comes with a bag full of toys that kids can talk about, in order to produce natural productions from child.
What is the Khan Lewis? What does it measure? What is it used for? Who is it Normed for?
Used in conjunction with the GFTA, the test used most often. The usage of ten phonological processes is measured to derive a normative score for insurance companies. Normed for ages 2 through 21-11.
What are the phonological processes analyzed by the KLPA?
Reduction processes, place and manner processes, voicing processes, non developmental processes
What are the reduction processes?
Deletion of final, syllable reduction, stopping of fricatives/Affricates, cluster simplification, liquid simplification
What are place and manner processes?
Velar fronting, palatal fronting, Deaffrication
What are the voicing processes?
Initial voicing
Final devoicing
How many processes not included in KLPA can describe articulation?
34 – not included bc no developmental, infrequent, or dialect/region differences
What are non developmental processes?
Deletion of initial consonants, glottal replacement, backing to velars - any consonant to velar, stridency deletion
How do we choose processes for remediation?
Used to be
How to use KLPA?
Use GFTA transcriptions, use sound change booklet and mark processes that occur. Bold count towards score, italics don’t. Find how often each occurred- find raw score and standard score.
Who is phonological therapy designed for? What approach does treatment follow?
Highly unintelligible children, with moderate to severe articulation problems. Treatment follows cycle approach.
What is a cycle? What is it used for? Why?
A time period during which all phonological patterns that need remediation are worked on. Any process that occurs over 40% of the time needs remediation. Used to correct phonological processes- cycles more closely approximate the way in which normal phonological development occurs than teaching phonemes one by one.
What is a process? What is a pattern?
A process is what you are trying to remove. A pattern is what you are teaching. For example final consonant deletion is a process, teaching final consonants is a pattern. Processes are eliminated by working on patterns.
How long is a cycle?
Varies depending on deficient patterns and stimulable phonemes in each pattern. 5-6 weeks to 15-16 weeks.
What happens through cycles?
Complexity of cycle increases gradually by incorporating production practice words with more difficult phonetic environments and by grouping phonemes within target patterns.
FIrst time one phoneme in a process each day. S one ssn z one ssn, second cycle you pair cognates, working on multiple phonemes in a ssn. S and z
What happens to patterns after multiple cycles?
Recycled until each of target patterns emerges in spontaneous utterances. Work through all deficient patterns in cycle before retest. Retest to see occurence- if less than 40 than no longer a target.
How long should each phoneme be targeted per cycle?
Each phoneme in a pattern should be targeted for 60 min/cycle
How long does it take to achieve intelligibility in cycles?
3-6 cycles, 30-40 hours, 40-60 min/wk to see improvement.
Can we only target those that occur over 40 percent?
No, if you consider it a problem, target it.
How to write a phonological therapy short term goal?
___ will suppress the process of ___ in spontaneous c-v-c words ___ of the time.
___ will produce ___ in spontaneous c-v-c words ___ of the time.
___ will increase intelligibility from ___ to ___
How do we select targets/phonemes?
First choose processes that affect child’s intelligibility the most. So, syll reduction, dfc, stopping fricatives, then velar fronting.
Do you have to work on a certain word position?
No, can vary certain positions or all positions.
What occurs in cycle 2? Cycles 3-7?
Continue targeting patterns, recycling phonemes and add more words and phonemes if stimulable, add words with more phonetic complexity. Cycles 3-7 same method, more words, expand complexity of words.
What is the structure of a cycles session
Review preceding sessions word cards
Auditory bombardment (child listens through heads eat to day’s list of words with target phoneme)
Introduce words to child- use easy ones, draw/color words, says, writes
Experiential play production- practice activities to help child hear and practice phoneme- story telling, pretend play etc
Probe stimulability for next session’s targets
Repeat auditory bombardment
Give hw- 2 min day which must be 100% accurate before taking home- child names words on cards, adult reads list while child listens.
What is written on form?
Production play activities, word list, goals
When do we retest?
At end of each cycle.
Should we take data during session?
Yes, used to think interfered- now we need for insurance!
Which sounds develop first? Last?
Bilabials and stops, last are liquids, glides…
