Phonological Processes Flashcards
Backing
When alvoelar sounds, like /t/ and /d/, are substituted with velar sounds like /k/ and /g/
“gog” for “dog”
Fronting
When velar or palatal sounds, like /k/, /g/, and /sh/ are substituted with alveolar sounds like /t/, /d/, and /s/
“tootie” for “cookie”
Gliding
When /r/ becomes a /w/, and /l/ becomes a /w/ or y sound
“wabbit” for “rabbit”
Stopping
When a fricative (like /f/ or /s/) or affricate (ch,j) is substituted with a stop consonant like /p/ or /d/
“pan” for “fan”
Vowelization
When the /l/ or er sounds are replaced with a vowel
“appo” for “apple”
Affrication
When a nonaffricate is replaced with an affricate (ch or j)
“joor” for “door”
Deaffrication
When an affricate, like /ch/ or /j/, is replaced with a fricative or stop like /sh/ or /d/
“ships” for “chips”
Alveolarization
When a nonalveolar sound is substituted with an alveolar sound
“tu” for “shoe”
Depalatalization
When a palatal sound is substituted with a nonpalatal sound
“fit” for “fish”
Labialization
When a nonlabial sound is replaced with a labial sound
“pie” for “tie”
Assimilation
When a consonant sound starts to sound like another sound in the word
“bub” for “bus”
Denasalization
When a nasal consonant like /m/ or /n/ changes to a nonnasal consonant like /b/ or /d/
“doze for nose”
Final Consonant Devoicing
When a voiced consonant at the end of a word like /b/ or /d/ is substituted with a voiceless consonant like /p/ or /t/
“pick for pig”
Prevocalic Voicing
When a voiceless consonant in the beginning of a word like /k/ or /f/ is substituted with a voiced consonant like /g/ or /v/
“gomb” for “comb”
Coalescence
When two phonemes are substituted with a different phoneme that still has similar features
“foon for spoon”
Reduplication
When a complete or incomplete syllable is repeated
“baba” for “bottle”
