phonological processes Flashcards
final consonant deletion
deletion of the final consonant in a word
- bu for book, ka for cup, fi for fish
unstressed syllable deletion
an unstressed syllable is deleted, often at the beginning of a word, sometimes in the middle, almost never at the end
-teto for potato, tefon for telephone, jammies for pajamas
consonant cluster reduction
a consonant cluster is reduced to one member of the cluster
- tap for stop, park for park, no for snow
consonant cluster simplification
a consonant cluster is simplified by a substitution affecting one member of the cluster; still have 2 consonants in the cluster but they have changed in someway
- bwon for brown, swide for slide, ast for ask
epenthesis
a segment, usually schwa is, inserted between two consonants in a cluster
- balack for black, saweet for sweet, sthun for sun
metathesis
a transposition or reversal of two segments in a word, usually 2 consonants
-baksit for basket, puhsketti for spaghetti, efelant for elephant
assimilatory (harmony) patterns
one sound in a word causes other sounds to become more like it, that is, matching in features
-guck for duck, cake for take, koak for coat
- the changes occur because of voicing
velar fronting
velar sounds are produced anterior to the velum, typically as alveolars
-ti for key, monti for monkey, do for go
when come becomes /tout/ this means
velar fronting
stopping
fricatives and/or affricates are replaced by stops
- tun for sun, munti for monkey, do for go
feature affected in stopping
manner of articulation; voicing can change for /f/
gliding of liquids
prevocalic liquids are replaced by glides
- wun for run, yewwow for yellow, weaf for leaf
liquid assimilation
when yellow is pronounced as lellow
vocalization (vowelization)
liquids (occasionally nasals) are replaced by vowels
- cao for car, tabo for table, tio for tire
- most common vowel is o
deaffrication
affricates are replaced by fricatives
- sap for chop, ship for chip, pez for page
- voicing stays the same
