exam 2 Flashcards
otitis media with effusion
can cause mild to moderate conductive hearing loss
causal chain
OME causes hearing loss, hearing loss causes SSDs
speech sound percpetion
hearing the difference between 2 sounds (typically 2 consonants)
self-monitoring
can children hear their own errors? may be an indicator for successful production outside of therapy
motor/structural abilities
DDKs and OMD
diadochokinesis DDK
mixed results for assessing SSD
oral myofunctional disorders OMD
includes tongue thrusting, unusual oral movements, finger sucking, lip insufficiencies, mouth breathing, constantly parted lips, facial grimace
omd can be caused by
upper airway obstruction, chronic finger or thumb sucking, extended pacifier or bottle use, structural differences and genetics
intelligence
clients with syndromes more likely to have SSD, clients with down syndrome may have significant delay, make atypical errors
sentence complexity effects speech accuracy
phonological complexity may also result in syntactic errors; the more complex the more likely the errors
can language treatment help improve SSD?
found limited evidence; cross-domain generalization is poorly understood and requires additional research
academic performance
SSD linked to issues with reading and spelling
gender
girls tend to be more accurate speakers, are less likely to need intervention for speech
SES
no link to articulation
familial tendencies
we suspect a genetic link to SSD, but it is poorly understood
sibling influences
siblings closer in age may have lower speech accuracy
personality
has been a proposed role
pacifer use
2 studies suggest children who use pacifiers may be at increased risk for SSD, but the results are tenuous
organically based SSD
obvious eitology, typically a structural abnormality
SSD
an umbrella term used to capture nonorganic SSDs including articulation disorders, phonological disorders, and CAS
-larger group on most caseloads
-group most often studied for sensitivity to treatment
classification of children with SSDs
artic. (12.5%), phonological delay (57.5%), consistent phon. disorder (20.6%), inconsistent phon. disorder (9.4%)
CAS
a disorder in which the precision and consistency of underlying speech movements are impaired the absence of neuromuscular deficits.
characteristics of CAS
inconsistent errors, atypical prosody, lengthened and disrupted coarticulation
response to intervention (RTI)
is an evolving system early identification that may supplement or replace screening
-teachers, staff, SLPS, are in regular contact. Teachers bring concerns to SLP
-in addition to or an alternative to screenings
articulation tests
information about sounds produced in error and word positions (GFTA)
phonological process tests
useful for children with multiple errors and low intelligibility, goal is to assess the child’s underlying phonological system and determine wether there are patterns of errors (khan lewis)
contextual testing
assessing accuracy for a sound in variety of word positions, in particular, onset, coda, and in consoant clusters. production accuracy is dependent on the context in which the sound is produced. this is in part because sounds influence each other in the ongoing speech stream. it is also because of phonetic differences depnding on a sounds;s location in the syllable
facilitative context
surrounding sound or group of sounds that have a positive influence on the production of an otherwise misarticulated sound
