exam 2

Question 1

otitis media with effusion

Answer 1

can cause mild to moderate conductive hearing loss

Question 2

causal chain

Answer 2

OME causes hearing loss, hearing loss causes SSDs

Question 3

speech sound percpetion

Answer 3

hearing the difference between 2 sounds (typically 2 consonants)

Question 4

self-monitoring

Answer 4

can children hear their own errors? may be an indicator for successful production outside of therapy

Question 5

motor/structural abilities

Answer 5

DDKs and OMD

Question 6

diadochokinesis DDK

Answer 6

mixed results for assessing SSD

Question 7

oral myofunctional disorders OMD

Answer 7

includes tongue thrusting, unusual oral movements, finger sucking, lip insufficiencies, mouth breathing, constantly parted lips, facial grimace

Question 8

omd can be caused by

Answer 8

upper airway obstruction, chronic finger or thumb sucking, extended pacifier or bottle use, structural differences and genetics

Question 9

intelligence

Answer 9

clients with syndromes more likely to have SSD, clients with down syndrome may have significant delay, make atypical errors

Question 10

sentence complexity effects speech accuracy

Answer 10

phonological complexity may also result in syntactic errors; the more complex the more likely the errors

Question 11

can language treatment help improve SSD?

Answer 11

found limited evidence; cross-domain generalization is poorly understood and requires additional research

Question 12

academic performance

Answer 12

SSD linked to issues with reading and spelling

Question 13

gender

Answer 13

girls tend to be more accurate speakers, are less likely to need intervention for speech

Question 14

SES

Answer 14

no link to articulation

Question 15

familial tendencies

Answer 15

we suspect a genetic link to SSD, but it is poorly understood

Question 16

sibling influences

Answer 16

siblings closer in age may have lower speech accuracy

Question 17

personality

Answer 17

has been a proposed role

Question 18

pacifer use

Answer 18

2 studies suggest children who use pacifiers may be at increased risk for SSD, but the results are tenuous

Question 19

organically based SSD

Answer 19

obvious eitology, typically a structural abnormality

Question 20

SSD

Answer 20

an umbrella term used to capture nonorganic SSDs including articulation disorders, phonological disorders, and CAS
-larger group on most caseloads
-group most often studied for sensitivity to treatment

Question 21

classification of children with SSDs

Answer 21

artic. (12.5%), phonological delay (57.5%), consistent phon. disorder (20.6%), inconsistent phon. disorder (9.4%)

Question 22

CAS

Answer 22

a disorder in which the precision and consistency of underlying speech movements are impaired the absence of neuromuscular deficits.

Question 23

characteristics of CAS

Answer 23

inconsistent errors, atypical prosody, lengthened and disrupted coarticulation

Question 24

response to intervention (RTI)

Answer 24

is an evolving system early identification that may supplement or replace screening
-teachers, staff, SLPS, are in regular contact. Teachers bring concerns to SLP
-in addition to or an alternative to screenings

Question 25

articulation tests

Answer 25

information about sounds produced in error and word positions (GFTA)

Question 26

phonological process tests

Answer 26

useful for children with multiple errors and low intelligibility, goal is to assess the child’s underlying phonological system and determine wether there are patterns of errors (khan lewis)

Question 27

contextual testing

Answer 27

assessing accuracy for a sound in variety of word positions, in particular, onset, coda, and in consoant clusters. production accuracy is dependent on the context in which the sound is produced. this is in part because sounds influence each other in the ongoing speech stream. it is also because of phonetic differences depnding on a sounds;s location in the syllable

Question 28

facilitative context

Answer 28

surrounding sound or group of sounds that have a positive influence on the production of an otherwise misarticulated sound