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P + P > Phonological milestones > Flashcards

Phonological milestones Flashcards

1
Q

What is reduplication?

A

The complete or partial repetition of one of the syllables in the word in replacement of the other syllable.

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2
Q

When should reduplication process start to fade out?

A

2 yrs

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3
Q

What age should reduplication be eliminated by?

A

2:6

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4
Q

Example of reduplication.

A

bobo=bottle

dudu=dummy

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5
Q

What is consonant harmony

A

All consonants in a word are harmonised to share a similar characteristic such as where it is produced in the mouth.

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6
Q

At what age does consonant harmony start to fade out?

A

2 yrs

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7
Q

What age does consonant harmony get eliminated?

A

3 years

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8
Q

example of consonant harmony.

A

tat=cat
dod/gog=dog
first and last letter same

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9
Q

what is consonant sensitive voicing?

A

All word initial consonants are voiced.

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10
Q

at what age does CSV fade out?

A

2 yrs

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11
Q

At what age should CSV be eliminated?

A

3yrs

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12
Q

What does CSV stand for?

A

context sensitive voicing

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13
Q

e.g of CSV.

A

pat=bat
pig=big
any examples of changes in word final position to a voiced consonant

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14
Q

What is devoicing

A

All word final consonants are voiceless.

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15
Q

at what age does devoicing start to fade out?

A

2 yrs

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16
Q

at what age should devoicing be eliminated by?

A

3yrs

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17
Q

eg. of devoicing.

A

pad=pat

bad=bak

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18
Q

what is fronting?

A

Place in the mouth were the sound is articulated is moved forward.

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19
Q

at what age does fronting start to fade out?

A

2 yrs

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20
Q

at what age should fronting be eliminated by?

A

3’2 yrs

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21
Q

e.g. of fronting

A

car=tar
goat=doat
pig=pid

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22
Q

What does FCD stand for?

A

Final consonant deletion

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23
Q

what age does FCD start to fade out?

A

2 yrs

24
Q

at what age should FCD be eliminated by?

A

3 yrs

25
Q

e.g. of FCD.

A

dog=do

mum=mu

26
Q

What is cluster reduction?

A

Reduction of a cluster such as “sp” or “fl’/

reduction means deletion

27
Q

At what age does cluster reduction fade out?

A

2 yrs

28
Q

at what age does CR get eliminated by?

A

3 yrs

29
Q

e.g of Cr.

A

plane=pane
flag=fag
spoon=poon
splash=plash

30
Q

what is WSD?

A

weak syllable deletion

31
Q

What is WSD?

A

When the unstressed syllable in a sound is not produced/deleted. emphasis on the weak syllable bit

32
Q

at what age does WSD start to fade out?

A

2 yrs

33
Q

at what age does WSD get eliminated by?

A

4 yrs

34
Q

e.g. of WSD

A

banana=nana

35
Q

what is stopping?

A

some consonant sounds that are produced as fricatives or approximants are stopped and produced as plosive sounds

36
Q

what frictaives or approximants are likely to be stopped?

A

/f/ /v/ /th/ /th/s/z/sh/ch/j/

37
Q

what’s sound types are affected by stopping?

A

fricatives and approximants

38
Q

fricative/approximant sounds produced as plosives is known as

A

stopping

39
Q

at what age does stopping for each phoneme begin to fade out?

A 
/f/ – 2 years
/v/ – 2 years
/th/ – 2 years
/th/ – 2 years
/s/ – 2 years
/z/ – 2 years
/sh/- 2.6 years
/ch/ – 2 years
/j/ – 2 years
40
Q

at what age should the stopping of the fric and approx gets be eliminated?

A 
/f/ – 3 years
/v/ – 3.5 years
/th/ – 5 years
/th/ – 5 years
/s/ – 3 years
/z/ – 3.5 years
/sh/- 4.4 years
/ch/ – 4.7 years
/j/ – 4.7 years
41
Q

e.g. of stopping

A

van=pan
jump=dump
sun=tun
thay=dat

42
Q

what is Gliding?

A

hen the /r/ sound becomes /w/ and /l/ becomes /j/ or /w/

43
Q

At what age does gliding begin to fade out?

A

2 yrs

44
Q

at what age should gliding be eliminated?

A

6 yrs

45
Q

e.g. of gliding

A

red=wed

yellow=yeyow

46
Q

What are the unusually phonological errors?(5)

A

affrication of plosives, backing,
glottal replacement, initial consonant deletion
metathesis,

47
Q

what are the usual phonological errors? (10)

A

consonant harmony, CSV (context sensitive voicing), cluster reduction,
devoicing, FCR(final cluster reduction),fronting, gliding,
reduplication, stopping,
WSD(weak syllable deletion),

48
Q

what is backing?

A

Sounds produced further front of the mouth such as /t/ and /d/ are replaced by sounds made towards the back of the mouth such as /c/ and /g/

49
Q

e.g. of backing

A

top=cop

doll=goll

50
Q

what is initial consonant deletion?

A

When the initial consonant in a word is not produced omitted

51
Q

e.g. of Initial consonant deletion

A

cat=at

ball=all

52
Q

what is glottal replacement

A

can be:
when the initial consonant in a word is not produced e.g. puppy=pu-ee

or
hen a stop sound made at the glottal is put into the child’s production of a word e.g. puppy=pu-ppy

53
Q

what is metathesis?

A

the order of the consonants in a word is altered

54
Q

e.g. of meathesis

A

elphant=efalant

55
Q

what is affrication of plosives?

A

when a plosive sound is produced as affricate

56
Q

e.g. of affrication of plosive.

A

toy=choy

dog=jog

P + P (8 decks)

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