Phonological milestones Flashcards
What is reduplication?
The complete or partial repetition of one of the syllables in the word in replacement of the other syllable.
When should reduplication process start to fade out?
2 yrs
What age should reduplication be eliminated by?
2:6
Example of reduplication.
bobo=bottle
dudu=dummy
What is consonant harmony
All consonants in a word are harmonised to share a similar characteristic such as where it is produced in the mouth.
At what age does consonant harmony start to fade out?
2 yrs
What age does consonant harmony get eliminated?
3 years
example of consonant harmony.
tat=cat
dod/gog=dog
first and last letter same
what is consonant sensitive voicing?
All word initial consonants are voiced.
at what age does CSV fade out?
2 yrs
At what age should CSV be eliminated?
3yrs
What does CSV stand for?
context sensitive voicing
e.g of CSV.
pat=bat
pig=big
any examples of changes in word final position to a voiced consonant
What is devoicing
All word final consonants are voiceless.
at what age does devoicing start to fade out?
2 yrs
at what age should devoicing be eliminated by?
3yrs
eg. of devoicing.
pad=pat
bad=bak
what is fronting?
Place in the mouth were the sound is articulated is moved forward.
at what age does fronting start to fade out?
2 yrs
at what age should fronting be eliminated by?
3’2 yrs
e.g. of fronting
car=tar
goat=doat
pig=pid
What does FCD stand for?
Final consonant deletion
what age does FCD start to fade out?
2 yrs
at what age should FCD be eliminated by?
3 yrs
e.g. of FCD.
dog=do
mum=mu
What is cluster reduction?
Reduction of a cluster such as “sp” or “fl’/
reduction means deletion
At what age does cluster reduction fade out?
2 yrs
at what age does CR get eliminated by?
3 yrs
e.g of Cr.
plane=pane
flag=fag
spoon=poon
splash=plash
what is WSD?
weak syllable deletion
What is WSD?
When the unstressed syllable in a sound is not produced/deleted. emphasis on the weak syllable bit
at what age does WSD start to fade out?
2 yrs
at what age does WSD get eliminated by?
4 yrs
e.g. of WSD
banana=nana
what is stopping?
some consonant sounds that are produced as fricatives or approximants are stopped and produced as plosive sounds
what frictaives or approximants are likely to be stopped?
/f/ /v/ /th/ /th/s/z/sh/ch/j/
what’s sound types are affected by stopping?
fricatives and approximants
fricative/approximant sounds produced as plosives is known as
stopping
at what age does stopping for each phoneme begin to fade out?
/f/ – 2 years /v/ – 2 years /th/ – 2 years /th/ – 2 years /s/ – 2 years /z/ – 2 years /sh/- 2.6 years /ch/ – 2 years /j/ – 2 years
at what age should the stopping of the fric and approx gets be eliminated?
/f/ – 3 years /v/ – 3.5 years /th/ – 5 years /th/ – 5 years /s/ – 3 years /z/ – 3.5 years /sh/- 4.4 years /ch/ – 4.7 years /j/ – 4.7 years
e.g. of stopping
van=pan
jump=dump
sun=tun
thay=dat
what is Gliding?
hen the /r/ sound becomes /w/ and /l/ becomes /j/ or /w/
At what age does gliding begin to fade out?
2 yrs
at what age should gliding be eliminated?
6 yrs
e.g. of gliding
red=wed
yellow=yeyow
What are the unusually phonological errors?(5)
affrication of plosives, backing,
glottal replacement, initial consonant deletion
metathesis,
what are the usual phonological errors? (10)
consonant harmony, CSV (context sensitive voicing), cluster reduction,
devoicing, FCR(final cluster reduction),fronting, gliding,
reduplication, stopping,
WSD(weak syllable deletion),
what is backing?
Sounds produced further front of the mouth such as /t/ and /d/ are replaced by sounds made towards the back of the mouth such as /c/ and /g/
e.g. of backing
top=cop
doll=goll
what is initial consonant deletion?
When the initial consonant in a word is not produced omitted
e.g. of Initial consonant deletion
cat=at
ball=all
what is glottal replacement
can be:
when the initial consonant in a word is not produced e.g. puppy=pu-ee
or
hen a stop sound made at the glottal is put into the child’s production of a word e.g. puppy=pu-ppy
what is metathesis?
the order of the consonants in a word is altered
e.g. of meathesis
elphant=efalant
what is affrication of plosives?
when a plosive sound is produced as affricate
e.g. of affrication of plosive.
toy=choy
dog=jog
