phonological development Flashcards
describe the high amplitude sucking technique for studying speech production
infant sucks pacifier and sucks and coded electronically to see how many sucks per minute. if interested in sounds, sucking increases, if not, sucking decreases
describe the head turn procedure
use visual reinforcement- to get reinforcer to activate, infant must turn head
describe heartbeat acceleration/deceleration
ekg over infants heart- heart rate accelerates when introduced to new things
describe the visual preference paradigm
look at correct monitor that matches auditory tone heard
dishabituation
INTERESTED
habituation
DISINTERESTED
do children learn to discriminate speech sounds?
babies are born able to discriminate speech sounds, however once they are exposed to a native language, their ability to discriminate disappears and they learn their native language
what is categorical perception?
it helps us to acquire language , allows babies to perceive speech ass categories of sound
what does it mean to be a “citizen of the world”?
Kuhl says that children are able to detect ALL speech sounds until a certain age where they become less sensitive to sounds that are not in the languages they are learning
describe werker’s study with hindi retroflex
used head turn procedure with infants of different ages and presented sounds from two non english languages
- hindi
- salish
results of werker’s study
we become culture specfic listeners by 1 yo. unable to distinguish sounds as well as newborns after 10 mos
describe kuhl’s experiment with american/japanese infants (part 1)
- exposed USA to mandarin speaking adults using CDS for 6 hrs OR JAP infants to english speaking
- used head turn
describe part 2 of kuhl’s experiment
exposed infants to either mandarin/english OR same adults via dvds auditory only or auditory and visual
results of kuhl’s exp
found that infants exposed to mandarin could then distinguish a phonetic contrast in mandarin that does not occur in english
