exam 1 review

Question 1

what are the five components of language?

Answer 1

semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology, and pragmatics

Question 2

what are Bloom and Leahy’s components of language?

Answer 2

form (phonology, morphology, and syntax),content (semantics), and use (pragmatics)

Question 3

Lenneberg’s special characteristics of language

Answer 3

1) onset of speech is regular
2) speech is not suppressible
3) cannot be taught to other species
4) certain universals

Question 4

areas of brain responsible for language processing

Answer 4

1) angular gyrus
2) broca’s
3) wernike’s
4) arcuate fasisculus
5) supramarginal gyrus

Question 5

Petitto babbling study

Answer 5

5-12 m o infants’ babbling and non babbling facial expressions monitored for asymmetries

the larger R side of the mouth implicates LH processing during babbling

non babbling= no asymmetry

Question 6

bi-directional learning

Answer 6

the brain effects learning and learning effects the brain

Question 7

synaptogenesis

Answer 7

the formation of synapse’s, of which the infant brain overproduces. this allows children to have more plasticity of function due to synaptic redunancy as compared to adults who have lost some of these connections at timed points during development, which is referred to as pruning

Question 8

newport studies

Answer 8

children/ adults who learn ASL from infancy perform it better than those who learn it after early childhood

Question 9

pidgin

Answer 9

communication system formed when 2 cultures are forced to communicate

is not a language

Question 10

creole

Answer 10

a language that arises from a pidgin due to younger generations being taught from birth

Question 11

nicaraguan SL

Answer 11

opened a deaf school for children who shared no common language

NSL developed-structually simple to complex

complexity appeared in signing of those who began at younger ages (more spacial modulation)

Question 12

what effects the representativeness of a transcription?

Answer 12

interactants, setting, objects/activities used

Question 13

how long do you transcribe for?

Answer 13

normally at a min 100 utterances, depending on age and how many utterances are usabled

30 mins max

Question 14

what are some cues for segmentation?

Answer 14

speaker turn, pauses and intonation contours

Question 15

what are the 2 computerized transcripting systems?

Answer 15

SALT and CHILDES

Question 16

mazes

Answer 16

filled pauses, false starts, repetitions

Question 17

3 major communication skills of pragmatics

Answer 17

1) using language for different purposes
2) changing language according to needs of listener/situation
3) follow rules of convo

Question 18

characteristics of child directed speech

Answer 18

paralinguistic, lexical, conversational, syntactic

Question 19

paralinguistic

Answer 19

slower speech with long pauses, higher pitch, exaggerated intonation, fewer words per minute

Question 20

lexical

Answer 20

more contextual support

Question 21

syntactic

Answer 21

short sentences

Question 22

conversational

Answer 22

repetitive

Question 23

purposes of CDS

Answer 23

aids in language development, attracts childs attention, aids in bonding and attachment, delineate major sentence boundaries, highlight new words, distinguish Qs vs statements

Question 24

rise-fall

Answer 24

approval

Question 25

sharp burst

Answer 25

prohibition

Question 26

smooth low

Answer 26

comfort

Question 27

illocutionary period

Answer 27

8-12 mo

intentional communication, goal directed

Question 28

how to measure intentionality?

Answer 28

gaze alternation/joint attention

Question 29

theory of mind

Answer 29

piaget thought children were egocentric and had difficulty taking other people’s perspectives

Question 30

mountains experiment

Answer 30

show children 4 different perspectives of a mountain view.

which showed piaget’s view?

children were not able to take his perspective

Question 31

protoimperative

Answer 31

command pointing gesture

Question 32

protodeclaritive

Answer 32

comment pointing gesture

Question 33

informational

Answer 33

directing one’s attention

Question 34

locutionary period

Answer 34

12+ mo

true words and protowords

Question 35

perlocutionary period

Answer 35

1-7 mo

reflexive, emotional expression, early turn taking, not understanding yet that they can be agent

Question 36

social interactionists

Answer 36

believe babies are trying to communicate from the beginning

Question 37

learning theory

Answer 37

language is LEARNED

Question 38

CDS responsive interactional style

Answer 38

follow the child’s lead “your looking at the ball”

Question 39

CDS controlling interactional style

Answer 39

direct the child’s attention “look at this”

Question 40

how to measure intentionality?`

Answer 40

• persistance/modification if communication is misunderstood

- pauses

Question 41

dore’s primitive speech acts

Answer 41

1) labeling
2) repeating
3) answering
4) requesting action
5) requesting answer
6) calling
7) greeting
8) protesting
9) practicing