Phonological Contrast Approaches/Complexity Approach (Ch.8)

Question 1

Phonological Contrast approaches have become popular and are supported by ___________

Answer 1

Phonological Contrast approaches have become popular and are supported by research

Question 2

•B. Minimal contrast training**

•use minimal pairs which only differ by _____ feature such as

–__________ (to-do, pan-ban)

–__________ of articulation (tea-key)

Answer 2

•B. Minimal contrast training**

•use minimal pairs which only differ by one feature such as

–voicing (to-do, pan-ban)

–Place of articulation (tea-key)

Question 3

C. Maximal contrast training

Sounds differ by at least __ features

Cane-lane: /k/ is a voiceless linguavelar stop; /l/ is a voiced lingual-alveolar glide

Ten-men: /t/ is a voiceless tip-alveolar plosive; /m/ is a voiced bilabial nasal

Contrast training allows the child to see that the sound used makes a ___________ difference

Answer 3

C. Maximal contrast training

Sounds differ by at least 2 features

Cane-lane: /k/ is a voiceless linguavelar stop; /l/ is a voiced lingual-alveolar glide

Ten-men: /t/ is a voiceless tip-alveolar plosive; /m/ is a voiced bilabial nasal

Contrast training allows the child to see that the sound used makes a semantic difference

Question 4

V. COMPLEXITY APPROACH (Lecture only, not book)**

• Most research done with individual children in a university setting (not tried in schools w/ diverse groups)
• Best for ch with ___________ sound errors (e.g., w/r; j/l)
• Assumes that the complex sounds are ___________, ____________, and clusters and sounds that are not _____________
• Also assumes that later-developing sounds (e.g., /tʃ/, /r/ ) are more __________ than earlier-developing sounds (e.g., /m/ and /p/)

Premise

• Start with ___________ sounds for ch
• Assumes: if train ___________ sounds first, automatic ____________ to easier sounds
• E.g., ch produces /j/ 30% accuracy, /s/ 20% accuracy, /ð/ with 0% accuracy
• Start with /ð/ and assume that /s/ and /j/ will be positively impacted

Answer 4

V. COMPLEXITY APPROACH (Lecture only, not book)**

• Most research done with individual children in a university setting (not tried in schools w/ diverse groups)
• Best for ch with individual sound errors (e.g., w/r; j/l)
• Assumes that the complex sounds are affricates, fricatives, and clusters and sounds that are not stimulable
• Also assumes that later-developing sounds (e.g., /tʃ/, /r/ ) are more complex than earlier-developing sounds (e.g., /m/ and /p/)

Premise

• Start with hardest sounds for ch
• Assumes: if train hardest sounds first, automatic generalization to easier sounds
• E.g., ch produces /j/ 30% accuracy, /s/ 20% accuracy, /ð/ with 0% accuracy
• Start with /ð/ and assume that /s/ and /j/ will be positively impacted