phonetics test Flashcards
what type of diacritics is used here?
[ɚ]
rhoticity
what type of diacritic is used here?
[tʰ]
aspiration
what type of diacritic is used here?
[ẽ]
nasalisation
what type of diacritic is used here?
[lʲ]
palatalisation
what type of diacritic is used here?
[a:]
long vowel
what type of diacritic is used here?
[lˠ]
velarisation
what type of diacritic is used here?
[ d̪ ]
dental
which of the dental fricatives /θ/ or /ð/ is voiced?
/ð/
which of the labiodental fricatives /f/ or /v/ is voiced?
/v/
which of the alveolar fricatives /s/ or /z/ is voiced?
/z/
which of the post-alveolar fricatives /ʃ/ or /ʒ/ is voiced?
/ʒ/
what are the two labiodental fricatives?
/f/ and /v/
what are the two dental fricatives?
/θ/ and /ð/
what are the two alveolar fricatives?
/s/ and /z/
what are the two post-alveolar fricatives?
/ʃ/ and /ʒ/
what is the voiceless glottal fricative?
/h/
what is the voiceless labial-velar fricative?
/ʍ/
what are the 6/7 plosives?
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /g/ /k/ /ʔ/
what are the two bilabial plosives?
/p/ and /b/
which of the two bilabial plosives (/p/ and /b/) is voiced?
/b/
what are the two alveolar plosives?
/t/ and /d/
which of the alveolar plosives (/t/ and /d/) is voiced?
/d/
what are the two velar plosives?
/k/ and /g/
which of the two velar plosives (/k/ and /g/) is voiced?
/g/
what are the three nasals?
/m/ /n/ /ŋ/
what is the bilabial nasal?
/m/
what is the alveolar nasal?
/n/
what is the velar nasal?
/ŋ/
what is the glottal plosive?
/ʔ/
what are the 3 approximants? (only needed for test)
/j/ /W/ /ɹ/
what is the voiced alveolar LATERAL approximant?
/l/
what is the voiced palatal approximant?
/j/
what is the voiced alveolar approximant?
/ɹ/
what is the voiced labial velar approximant?
/W/
consonants are described in terms of? (4)
-voice
(-airstream mechanism)
-place of articulation
-manner of articulation
How are vowels are described? (3/5)
-Height
-front/back position
-lip shape
(-nasalisation)
(-length)
what is nasalisation?
when air flows through the oral and nasal cavities as opposed to just oral
what are the semi-vowels/glides? (3)
/j/, /w/ /M/
what is a semi-vowel/glide ?
they combine elements of vowels & consonants & when produced a gliding movemnet between artiuclars occur
what are obstruents?
sounds involving a greater degree of air obstructions (e.g. stops, fricatives, affricates )
what are sonorants?
sounds involving a wider vocal tract (approximants, glides, vowels)
which out of obstruents and sonorants can be both voiced and voiceless?- compared to the other which is usually voiced
obstruents
minimal pairs=
pairs of words that are distinguished by only 1 sound (e.g. kit and cat- /kit/ /kat/)
allophones=
phonetically similar, alternate ways of saying a phoneme (e.g. /n/ in “tend” “tenth” “net”- also /^/ vs /ʊ/)
which brackets are used to transcribe phonemes?
//
Brackets [] are used to transcribe what?
allophones
what is a phone?
speech sound that does not rely on being classified as a phoneme or allophone (e.g. ʊ)
what is a segment?
minimal chunk of speech (can be phones or morphs)
what is a suprasegment?
above & beyond a segment- includes: prosody, syllables, stress, tone
phonotactics=
how segments are sequenced in a syllables, specific to a particular language (e.g. /ɳ/ can only occur syllable finally in eng)
structure of a syllable= (4)
-onset (O)
-rhyme (R) (contains N + C)
-nucleus (N)
-coda (C)
what features are used to convey prosodic features (such as stress, tone & intonation)?
-variation in pitch, volume & duration
what is funamental frequency?
vibration rate of vocal folds
